Evaluation of Chlorfluazuron Against Subterranean TermitesHeterotermes indicola(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Pakistan

Abstract

Baiting systems have been introduced using slow-acting bait toxicants to provide environment-friendly and target-specific termite management. In the present study, the Exterra termite bait system (USA) with chlorfluazuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, as the active ingredient was tested against termite colonies. Ten residential areas of Lahore, infested with subterranean termites were selected for the study. The study period was from 2013 to 2015. In-ground stations were installed at 10 sites and above-ground stations were only installed at four test sites. Requiem termite bait was prepared according to the label instructions. Results showed that the range of termite activity was between 30 and 214 d to first termite activity on underground monitors with a mean of 78.23 ± 6.44. Timeline graphs also show activity of termites and active ingredient placement for each of the stations at each site. As termite feeding activity in the stations increased, there was a decrease in termite activities in wooden structures, followed by cessation of termite feeding and foraging activity noted in the building structures. It was concluded that a termite baiting system in Pakistan has the potential to suppress and reduce termite populations, when foraging termites feed on the active ingredient and share with nest mates through trophallaxis by installing more bait stations and prolonging baiting period.

Cellulolytic and Ethanologenic Evaluation of Heterotermes indicola’s Gut-Associated Bacterial Isolates

“…Heterotermes indicola in Pakistani regions has been found to cause massive damage to wooden structures in houses. On the basis of massive wooden damage, it is ranked as the most destructive domestic pest in Lahore. , The purpose of study is the isolation, characterization, and exploitation of termite harboring bacteria for cellulolysis and ethanologenesis. The gut of termites possesses large diversity of cellulolytic bacteria involved in digestion and degradation of lignolellulosic substrate and sugars. ,,− Hence, the study supported the idea of the presence of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the digestive tract of termites.…”

“…On the basis of massive wooden damage, it is ranked as the most destructive domestic pest in Lahore. 66 , 67 The purpose of study is the isolation, characterization, and exploitation of termite harboring bacteria for cellulolysis and ethanologenesis. The gut of termites possesses large diversity of cellulolytic bacteria involved in digestion and degradation of lignolellulosic substrate and sugars.…”

Efficacy of leaf extracts of apple of sodom (Calotropis procera) for the control of subterranean termite Odontotermes Obesus

“…Terpene alcohol may contribute to termite mortality as a result of bioactive compound, [25][26][27][28] and termite protection comprising O. obesus Microterm beesoni, Reticulitermes santonensis and R. virginicus. Termites' researchers in other portion of globes highlighted and leaves extracts Calotropis procera using the solvent acetone and N-hexane used against the control of termites Odontoterms obesus to detect tunneling behaviors of termites and mortality rate.…”

“…31 Extracts of Lanatana camara, Calotropis procera, Ocimum sanctum, E.helioscopia and S.incanum and W.somnifera was found effective against termites workers. 9,27 Wood is known as differ in their susceptible to termite's attack; this difference may be attribute to factors such as chemical composition wood density and availability of susceptibility species of termites. 32 However, all the wood tested showed significant susceptibility to C, sjostedi attacks.…”

Repellent and Insecticidal Activity of Naphthoquinones from the Heartwood of Tectona grandis on Incisitermes marginipennis (Latreille)

“…1) discs of 2.5 cm diameter were placed at opposite poles. For each plate assay, 50 µL of ethanol was added to one disk, and 50 µL of each compound obtained (deoxylapachol, tectoquinone, lapachol, dehydro-α-lapachone, tecomaquinone-I and tectol) was added to the other disk, using ethanol as vehicle at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL [7,20].…”