Evaluation of Comparative Immunomodulatory Potential of Solanum xanthocarpum Root and Fruits on Experimental Animal

Abstract

Aim: This study was aimed to justify the scientific basis in folklore use of Solanum xanthocarpum (solanaceae) as an Immunomodulatory agent in India. Materials and Methods: The ethanol and aqueous extracts of S. xanthocarpum fruit (SXE-1 and SXA-1), root (SXE-2 and SXA-2) and whole plant (SXE-3 and SXA-3) were evaluated for immunomodulatory activity by using cold water swim endurance stress test, delayed type hyper sensitivity reaction, carbon clearance test and CCl 4 induced oxidative stress model on experimental animals. The solasodaine content in S. xanthocarpum bioactive test samples were quantified by HPLC to establish phyto-pharmacological relationship. Results: The 200 mg/kg/day p.o. dose of test samples were showed significant changes in swimming survival time and at same doses test samples were significantly increased hypersensitivity, decrease in carbon clearance and reduced oxidative stress. Where, SXE-1 and SXA-1 exhibited maximum degree of immunomodulatory effect compared to SXE-2, SXA-2, SXE-3, SXA-3 and respective standard drugs used in this study. The hematological, biochemical and histopathological studies were supported respective results of the test samples. The solasodaine content in SXA-1 (1.146%), SXE-1 (0.894%), SXE-2 (0.643%) and SXA-2 (0.620%) were estimated by HPLC. Conclusion: These observations established the traditional claim and thus S. xanthocarpum could be a potent immunomodulatory agent for use in near future. The immunostimolatory effect may be due to presence of solasodaine in S. xanthocarpum extracts.

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Properties of Methanolic Extract of Neolamarckia cadamba Linn. Fruits

“…The immunomodulatory agents regulate the cytokine production such as, tumour necrosis factor, interleukin and interferon and these cytokines may, in turn activate T cells or NK cells. 24,25 IL-2 promotes growth and activation of T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α is an endogenous pyrogen, is responsible for apoptotic cell death to inhibit tumorigenesis.…”

A review on the pharmaceutical activity of Solanum surattense

“…Pandey, ( 35) have been reported that the seed fumes of S. surattense were useful in the treatment of tooth pain and pain from gingival swellings. In India, Rajasthan Mukunda tribes traditionally use the root parts of S. surattense in the treatment of hernia (36). Alcoholic extracts of S. surattense leaf have significant antiulcer potentiality (37) than other solvent extracts.…”

Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Solanum surattense Burm. f.–A review

“…Entire plant used for treating leprosy, dropsy, and cough by the folklore (Madhavi et al, 2014). Mukunda tribes of Rajasthan, India used the root paste for the treatment of hernia (Pandey et al, 2018). Root poultice used to treat the piles are practicing as a traditional medicine in many villages of South India.…”

“…The Ayurvedic text mentioned that S. surattense possess anti piles activity (Pandey et al, 2018). Indian tribe to cure piles since from the ancient past has used a root of S. surattense, as a traditional medicine.…”