Evaluation of concrete deterioration under simulated acid rain environment

Abstract

Acid rain is identified as one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays and it is mainly a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. Deterioration of concrete structures exposed to aggressive acid rain attack is a key durability issue that affects the performance and maintenance costs of vital civil infrastructures. The motivation for understanding the acid rain corrosion process is high because of the early age deterioration of many concrete structures exposed to acid rain. The main objective of this study was to investigate the durability of concrete specimens with different supplementary cementitious materials, such as fly ash, zeolite and blast furnace slag against acid rain attack. Experiments of acid rain simulation influence on the composites were carried out for 7 weeks and parameters like visual changes, absorbability and leachability of calcium and silicon ions were evaluated. The increase in absorbability was detected for all samples while the sample with blast furnace slag was identified to be the most durable in this point of view. The most durable sample considering leached-out calcium and silicon ions was found to be sample with fly ash.

The Effectiveness of Contextual Research-Based Teaching Materials on Students’ Learning Independence and Concept Mastery

“…Teaching materials based on contextual research on the concept of the acid-base solution properties are provided through the provision of articles on the negative effects of consuming soft drinks (Skinner et al, 2015;Adams et al, 2020), the use of baking soda as one of the first aid when experiencing bee stings (Quade et al, 2021), as well as the effect of acid rain on organism life (Zhang et al, 2020) and resistance of building materials (Smolakova & Estokova, 2020). The use of various references from Google Scholar will open students' insights and stimulate curiosity about various scientific research according to their learning needs (Rafika et al, 2017).…”