The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the learning system in schools. The learning that initially took place in class spontaneously turned into online learning. This change requires teachers to be more creative in designing learning. This study aims to improve students’ critical thinking skills through online problem-based learning integrated into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (PBL-STEM). The research was conducted on students of class X IPA (Natural Science) in a high school in Cianjur with a Non-Equivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group design. The research data were collected using a test of critical thinking skills in six valid essay questions with a reliability coefficient of 0.913. Besides, students’ responses to the application of PBL-STEM learning were collected through a questionnaire. The collected data were processed descriptively and inferentially. The results showed that the online application of PBL-STEM went well, and there was an increase in critical thinking skills with an N-gain of 72%. The highest gain is on the indicator of explanation, and the lowest is evaluation. The results of the significance test showed that the increase in students’ critical thinking skills through PBL-STEM learning was more significant than PBL learning. Students also responded well to the implementation of PBL-STEM in learning during the COVID-19 pandemic by 81%.

This study aims to enhance critical thinking skill through science context-based inquiry learning (SCOIL). This study is a quasi-experimental research with pretest and posttest control group design. The SCOIL was carried out in seventh-grade junior high school in Bogor with 56 students consisted of 24 boys and 36 girls. Data were collected by giving out critical thinking skill tests, observing the teaching and learning process, and students’ activities. Those data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Syntax of SCOIL was namely observation, investigation, representation, conclusions, and communication. The result of the SCOIL model implementation showed increased activity with high category and N-gain critical thinking skill was categorized at the medium level. The significance test showed the critical thinking skills of students with the SCOIL model are greater than the guided inquiry learning model. It can be concluded that the SCOIL model can enhance the critical thinking skills of junior high school students.

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Quality and competent human resources are needed in the 21st century. Based on the importance of critical thinking skills and sustainability awareness and ESD implementation, it is necessary to study critical thinking skills and sustainability awareness, as well as the need for teaching materials and ESD implementation. The main novelties in this study are acquiring critical thinking skills and sustainability awareness, as well as the need for teaching materials and the implementation of ESD in this study are expected to be a consideration in preparing teaching materials that can train students to think critically and have sustainability awareness to support ESD implementation. The method used is descriptive. The data is processed quantitatively and interpreted qualitatively. The study was conducted on 213 students and six junior high school teachers in the city of Bogor. The level of critical thinking skills of students is in the low category.. The total mean of 3.65 indicates that the level of sustainability awareness of students is a moderate level. The implementation of ESD is important to overcome various environmental problems that are currently occurring. ESD learning is expected to increase students' sustainability awareness and critical thinking skills. This study are expected to be a consideration in preparing teaching materials that can train students to think critically and have sustainability awareness to support ESD implementation.

This study aims to analyze the middle school of science the textbook based on science literacy. We used descriptive analysis to explore the domain of science literacy at 3 middle science textbooks. Observation Sheet that contain the domain of science literacy (adopted from Chiappetta, Fillman & Sethna) is used to capture the present category of science literacy (body of knowledge, way of investigating, way of thinking, and interaction of science, technology and society) in any textbook. The results showed that middle school science textbooks have not yet provide a balance between body of knowledge, way of Investigating, way of thinking, and interaction of science, technology and society. The Middle science textbooks still dominate with science as a way of knowledge. Middle School science textbook that used to support science teaching should be provide balance on all four aspects of science literacy. Therefore, The development that focusing on middle school science textbooks based on science literacy need to be implemented.