Evaluation of cottonseed and soybean meal as partial replacement for fishmeal in diets for juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of cottonseed and soybean meal (CS) on growth performance, feed utilization, and gossypol accumulation in juvenile (mean body weight 11 g) Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets (designated CS0, CS10, CS20, CS30, and CS40) containing 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% CS mixture (1:1 w/w) were formulated. After 9 weeks of feeding trial, fish fed all diets did not show significant differences in growth performances, feed utilization, and whole body compositions. Hemoglobin content gradually decreased (P < 0.05) with increments of CS inclusion levels. There was a positive linear relationship between dietary gossypol and total liver gossypol contents. Free radical scavenging activity in the experimental diets gradually increased with increment of dietary CS inclusion. This finding indicates that the mixture of cottonseed and soybean meal with methionine and lysine supplementation could replace up to 40% of fishmeal protein in diets. However, 20% fishmeal protein replacement by dietary inclusion of cottonseed (9.4%) and soybean (8.7%) meal might be the optimum and safe level for the commercial use of CS in juvenile Japanese flounder.

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

“…No differences were observed when the level of free gossypol was 20 mg kg -1 or less (305 g cottonseed meal kg -1 diet). In juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Pham et al (2007) report no differences in growth or feed utilization fed diets containing a mix of cottonseed meal and soybean meal (1:1 ratio) up to 400 g kg -1 diet (total gossypol 320 mg kg -1 ). However, haemoglobin was reduced with increasing levels and at the highest level hematocrit was also reduced.…”

Mini review on Incorporation of Cotton Seed Meal, an Alternative to Fish Meal in Aquaculture Feeds

“…They also suggested that dietary supplementation of iron and phosphorus could increase the inclusion of CSM for fishmeal replacement in diets for marine fish species. In the same species Pham et al (2007) shows that mixture of CSM and SBM with lysine and methionine supplementation can replace up to 30% fishmeal protein in diet for olive flounder at the early juvenile stage. However, they suggested that 20% fishmeal protein replacement by CSM (10%) and soybean meal (10%) can be optimum level as per the growth performance is considered.…”

“…Toko et al (2008) observed the whole body content of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) were markedly affected by dietary SBM level at high inclusions while increasing dietary CSM did not affect the content of these elements in carcass. Pham et al (2007) recommended that replacement of fishmeal protein up to 40% level by cottonseed meal and soybean meal by equal proportion with L-methionine and L-lysine supplementation did not affect the whole body compositions of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.…”

Comparison of Extruded and Moist Pellets for Whole-body Proximate Composition and Growth Performance of Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

“…(Kim et al, 2002), / ) (Alam et al, 2002; , (Kim et al, 2006c;Kim et al, 2011a;Kim et al, 2012;) Pham et al, 2007;Ye et al, 2011). Cho et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2005; et al, 2006a, 2006bKim et al, 2008;An et al, 2011).…”