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This study was aimed at examining the essentiality and requirement of inositol for Olive £ounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Six casein^gelatin-based semi-puri¢ed diets were formulated to contain ¢ve di¡erent levels of myo-inositol (MI) (designated as M0, M01, M200, M400, M800 and M1600 for 0, 01antibiotic, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg kg À 1 respectively). After 20 weeks of a long-term feeding trial, ¢sh (initial body weight, 10 g) fed the M800 diet showed signi¢-cantly increased growth performances and survival. Liver lipid concentration tended to decrease as the dietary MI increased, although there was no signi¢-cant di¡erence among all treatments. Polyunsaturated fatty acid in the liver of the ¢sh fed the diets containing high levels (M1600) of MI was signi¢cantly increased. Hepatic inositol concentration of the ¢sh was signi¢cantly increased by dietary MI supplementation. The intestinal biosynthesis of inositol by micro£ora seemed to be insu⁄cient to prevent growth retardation in juvenile Olive £ounder. The optimum level of dietary MI for juvenile Olive £ounder was found to be 617 mg kg À 1 based on weight gain in a brokenline regression model. This ¢nding indicates that MI supplementation is required at a concentration of at least 617 mg kg À 1 to maximize the growth performances and to prevent abnormal lipid metabolism.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of cottonseed and soybean meal (CS) on growth performance, feed utilization, and gossypol accumulation in juvenile (mean body weight 11 g) Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets (designated CS0, CS10, CS20, CS30, and CS40) containing 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% CS mixture (1:1 w/w) were formulated. After 9 weeks of feeding trial, fish fed all diets did not show significant differences in growth performances, feed utilization, and whole body compositions. Hemoglobin content gradually decreased (P < 0.05) with increments of CS inclusion levels. There was a positive linear relationship between dietary gossypol and total liver gossypol contents. Free radical scavenging activity in the experimental diets gradually increased with increment of dietary CS inclusion. This finding indicates that the mixture of cottonseed and soybean meal with methionine and lysine supplementation could replace up to 40% of fishmeal protein in diets. However, 20% fishmeal protein replacement by dietary inclusion of cottonseed (9.4%) and soybean (8.7%) meal might be the optimum and safe level for the commercial use of CS in juvenile Japanese flounder.

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