Evaluation of Cottonseed Oils as Diesel Fuel

Fort, Edward F.; Blumberg, Paul N.; Staph, H. E.; Staudt, J.

doi:10.4271/820317

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…5, [40][41][42][43] In addition, a number of studies from the early 1980s examined changes in motor oil viscosity using experimental bench engines. [44][45][46][47] In a 1994 study comparing fossil diesel and biodiesel (B100) in bus engine oil, it was found that biodiesel accumulated in bus motor oil to a much higher level (9.5%) than fossil diesel (2.5%) after about 10 000 km of driving. 48 More recently, a bench engine experiment using B100 exhibited only a fuel accumulation of 3.5% in the used motor oil after 150 h of operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Isotopic Analysis of Motor Oil from a Biodiesel-Driven Vehicle

et al. 2010

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Biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), is increasingly recognized as a renewable fuel. While some environmental impacts of biodiesel usage have been investigated, accumulation of organic compounds in motor oil, which can subsequently leak onto roads, has not been studied. Because studies have shown that toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulate in the motor oil of engines fueled with fossil diesel or gasoline, the objective of this study was to determine if this also occurs for engines fueled with biodiesel. Here, we sampled and analyzed motor oil of a biodiesel-powered 2005 Volkswagen Passat Wagon over 3240 km of personal-use driving. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), we found a total of 0.5% FAMEs in the motor oil after 3240 km. We also used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and did not detect PAHs or other organic compounds not present in the initial motor oil. Using natural radiocarbon analysis, a powerful technique capable of detecting biodiesel-derived carbon that would be otherwise undetectable by gas chromatography, we found a total of 0.68% biodiesel-derived carbon after 3240 km. This is similar to the amount of FAMEs found in these samples with GC-FID, indicating that the primary source of biodiesel-derived carbon in the motor oil is FAMEs (and not PAHs or other carbonaceous species). This result suggests that used motor oil of biodiesel vehicles can be less toxic based on PAH content than vehicles fueled with fossil diesel or gasoline.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Isotopic Analysis of Motor Oil from a Biodiesel-Driven Vehicle

et al. 2010

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“…Previous investigations have shown that oxygenated fuels may reduce DPM emissions (5)(6)(7). Neat vegetable oils, however, have a significant glycerol component and have much higher viscosities than #2 diesel fuel (8,9), causing combustion problems (8,10) or requiring engine modifications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transient testing of soy methyl ester fuels in an indirect injection, compression ignition engine

Purcell¹,

McClure²,

McDonald³

et al. 1996

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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An evaluation of the exhaust emissions from a compression ignition engine for fuels composed of 100 and 30% methyl esters of soy oil (SME) is described. These fuels were compared with a low-sulfur, petroleum #2 diesel fuel in a Caterpillar 3304, prechamber, 75 kW diesel engine, operated over heavy-and light-duty transient test cycles developed by the United States Bureau of Mines. More than 60 h of testing was performed on each fuel. The objective was to determine the influence of the fuels upon diesel particulate matter (DPM) and gaseous emissions. The effect of a modern diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) also was determined in an effort to minimize emissions. Neat SME produced a higher volatile fraction of the DPM, but much less carbon soot fraction, leading to overall DPM reductions of 23 to 30% for the light-and heavy-duty transients. The DOC further reduced the volatile fraction and the total DPM. The SME fuel reduced gaseous emissions of CO by 23% and hydrocarbons by over 30% without increasing NO x . The DOC further reduced CO and hydrocarbon levels. Mutagenicity of the SME exhaust was low. Results indicate that SME fuel, used with a proper DOC, may be a feasible emission reduction technology for underground mines.JAOCS 73, 381-388 (1996).

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“…A produção brasileira em 2007 foi de 2,3 milhões de barris. 8 O biodiesel pode ser produzido a partir de diferentes óleos vegetais (por exemplo, palma, 43 girassol, 44 algodão, 45 semente de colza, 46 soja e amendoim, 47 entre outros). Uma curiosidade é que Rudolf Diesel chegou a usar óleo de amendoim em motores diesel em 1900, tendo afirmado em 1911 que "O motor diesel pode ser alimentado com óleos vegetais e ajudaria consideravelmente no desenvolvimento da agricultura dos países que o utilizarem".…”

Section: Biocombustíveis: Etanol E Biodieselunclassified

Energia, meio ambiente e economia: o Brasil no contexto mundial

Vichi¹,

Mansor²

2009

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 24/1/09; aceito em 30/3/09; publicado na web em 2/4/09 ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMY: BRAZIL IN THE WORLD CONTEXT. The cycle of fossil fuels as an energy source for mankind is approaching its end. Finite resources, coupled with greenhouse gas, have led to an increased effort in the search for alternative renewable energy sources. Brazil has a leading position, due to a 46% participation of renewable sources in its primary energy supply, compared to the global average of 12%. The expansion of the renewable sources in Brazil depends on medium and long term planning, and a large volume of investments. The present financial crisis will have major effects in the energy market. Despite a negative initial impact, it is expected that the rearrangement of the financial system will ultimately lead to an expansion in the use of renewable energy sources. Brazil is a tropical country, with the largest biodiversity in our planet and excellent conditions to expand the use of all forms of renewable sources. Keywords: energy; environment; renewable resources. introduÇÃoO panorama mundial está mudando rapidamente, por motivos ligados a três das grandes preocupações da humanidade nesse início de século: meio ambiente, energia e economia global. Embora à primeira vista possam parecer distintas, estas três áreas estão, na realidade, completamente interligadas. As duas primeiras estão já há mais tempo na percepção do cidadão comum, devido ao efeito estufa e ao aquecimento global associado ao uso de combustíveis fósseis. Quanto à economia, só o tempo dirá quais os efeitos permanentes que esta crise no sistema financeiro internacional terá sobre o setor energético e, mais difícil de se prever, sobre o meio ambiente. A única coisa certeza é de que os três setores serão permanentemente afetados.O sistema financeiro não pode ser ignorado. Para se ter uma idéia, o presidente George Bush anunciou em 2006, com grande pompa, um aporte de 1 bilhão de dólares para pesquisas em fontes alternativas de energia, com ênfase no hidrogênio. Estima-se que a crise do sistema financeiro vá consumir algo em torno de 3 trilhões de dólares. A guerra no Iraque já custou aos cofres estadunidenses um valor superior a 500 bilhões de dólares.Não importa qual a saída adotada, ela necessariamente terá que passar por uma mudança radical na matriz energética mundial, com forte aumento da participação das fontes renováveis.Neste contexto, o Brasil se destaca dos demais países por um motivo bem simples: a matriz brasileira já é cerca de 46% renovável, comparada à média mundial de 12%. 1 O Brasil tem, portanto, uma oportunidade ímpar de se firmar como um dos líderes mundiais no setor de energia. Impulsionado por seu gigantesco potencial hídrico e contando com um forte programa de combustíveis alternativos capitaneado pelo etanol, o país sai na frente dos demais. Por outro lado, não podemos desprezar as novas reservas de petróleo recentemente descobertas no litoral brasileiro. Mas, para se manter na frente, serão necessários recursos, muitos recursos: manu...

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Evaluation of Cottonseed Oils as Diesel Fuel

Cited by 24 publications

References 1 publication

Molecular and Isotopic Analysis of Motor Oil from a Biodiesel-Driven Vehicle

Molecular and Isotopic Analysis of Motor Oil from a Biodiesel-Driven Vehicle

Transient testing of soy methyl ester fuels in an indirect injection, compression ignition engine

Energia, meio ambiente e economia: o Brasil no contexto mundial

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