Evaluation of cough using digital particle image velocimetry

Afshari, Abbas; Azadi, S.; Ebeling, Thomas R.; Badeau, A.; Goldsmith, William T.; Weber, K.; Frazer, Dave

doi:10.1109/iembs.2002.1106233

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…But none of these studies could characterize the transient process or direction of the jet. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) (Afshari et al., 2002; Badeau et al., 2002; Chao et al., 2009; VanSciver, 2005;Zhu et al., 2006a,b) measurements were also performed to capture the flow field. Mahajan et al.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow dynamics and characterization of a cough

2009

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Airborne disease transmission has always been a topic of wide interests in various fields for decades. Cough is found to be one of the prime sources of airborne diseases as it has high velocity and large quantity of droplets. To understand and characterize the flow dynamics of a cough can help to control the airborne disease transmission. This study has measured flow dynamics of coughs with human subjects. The flow rate variation of a cough with time can be represented as a combination of gamma‐probability‐distribution functions. The variables needed to define the gamma‐probability‐distribution functions can be represented by some medical parameters. A robust multiple linear regression analysis indicated that these medical parameters can be obtained from the physiological details of a person. However, the jet direction and mouth opening area during a cough seemed not related to the physiological parameters of the human subjects. Combining the flow characteristics reported in this study with appropriate virus and droplet distribution information, the infectious source strength by coughing can be evaluated. Practical Implications There is a clear need for the scientific community to accurately predict and control the transmission of airborne diseases. Transportation of airborne viruses is often predicted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. CFD simulations are inexpensive but need accurate source boundary conditions for the precise prediction of disease transmission. Cough is found to be the prime source for generating infectious viruses. The present study was designed to develop an accurate source model to define thermo‐fluid boundary conditions for a cough. The model can aid in accurately predicting the disease transmission in various indoor environments, such as aircraft cabins, office spaces and hospitals.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence to capture the cough jet variation and its direction, it becomes essential to have a high frequency of measurements. PIV measurements by Afshari et al (2002) and Badeau et al (2002) were done at an interval of 67 ms. The interval was too large and so the details of flow may not be captured.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow dynamics and characterization of a cough

2009

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“…Detailed measurements of in vitro cough flow fields are reported by Afshari et al (2002), who used PIV to map the flow of a cough flow simulator, which is a hydraulic pump producing oil droplets less than 5 µm in diameter. One measurement of each simulated cough flow was taken at 0.4 s. The cough simulator was programmed using airflow waveforms developed from two volunteers, one with asthma, and one without.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Image Velocimetry of Human Cough

VanSciver

Miller

Hertzberg

2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

112

113

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Cough generated infectious aerosols are of interest while developing strategies for the mitigation of disease risks ranging from the common cold to SARS. In this work, the velocity field of human cough was measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The project subjects (total 29) coughed into an enclosure seeded with stage fog. Cough flow velocity profiles, average widths of the cough jet, and maximum cough velocities were measured. Maximum cough velocities ranged from 1.5 m/s to 28.8 m/s. The average width of all coughs ranged between 35 to 45 mm. Wide variability in the data suggests that future cough simulations consider a range of conditions.

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“…In recent years, research has focused on increasing knowledge about these respiratory activities. Coughing, which is a quick process, has been studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV) . Sneezing, an even quicker expiration process, was studied using a shadowgraph imaging technique and a high velocity camera to measure the maximum distance reached by the puffs and the associated maximum velocities .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental analysis of the air velocity and contaminant dispersion of human exhalation flows

2016

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Human exhalation flow is a potential source of pathogens that can constitute a cross-infection risk to people in indoor environments. Thus, it is important to investigate the characteristics of this flow, its development, area of influence, and the diffusion of the exhaled contaminants. This paper uses phase-averaged particle image velocimetry together with a tracer gas (CO ) to study two different exhalation flows over time: the exhalation of an average male (test M) and an average female (test F), using a life-sized thermal manikin in a supine position. The exhalation jets generated for both tests are similar in terms of symmetrical geometry, vorticity values, jet opening angles, and velocity and concentration decays. However, there is a difference in the penetration length of the two flows throughout the whole exhalation process. There is also a time difference in reaching maximum velocity between the two tests. It is also possible to see that the tracer gas dispersion depends on the momentum of the jet so the test with the highest velocity decay shows the lowest concentration decay. All these results are of interest to better understand cross-infection risk.

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Evaluation of cough using digital particle image velocimetry

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Flow dynamics and characterization of a cough

Flow dynamics and characterization of a cough

Particle Image Velocimetry of Human Cough

Experimental analysis of the air velocity and contaminant dispersion of human exhalation flows

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