“…In Refs. (Sadraie et al, 2019;, Shariq et al, 2022a;Tahzeeb et al, 2022a;Tahzeeb et al, 2022b;Tahzeeb et al, 2022c;Ul Ain et al, 2021;Ul Ain et al, 2022;Anas et al, 2022i;Anas et al, 2022j;Ahmadi et al, 2022;Shariq et al, 2022b;Shariq et al, 2022c;Shariq et al, 2022d;Anas et al, 2022k;Anas and Alam, 2022d;Anas et al, 2022m;Anas et al, 2022n;Shariq et al, 2022e;Anas et al, 2022o;Anas et al, 2022p;Shariq et al, 2022f;Anas and Alam, 2022e;Shariq et al, 2022g;Anas et al, 2022q;Shariq et al, 2022h;Anas et al, 2022r) employ the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model, which takes the strain-rate effect into account. A damage plasticity model can be used to describe the mechanical behavior of concrete.…”