Evaluation of cross-protection of bluetongue virus serotype 4 with other serotypes in sheep

Zulu, Gcwalisile; Venter, Estelle Hildegard

doi:10.4102/jsava.v85i1.1041

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The BTV-4 ELISA results obtained from the reference sera confirm the serotype relationships described by Erasmus in 1990 [ 30 ]. Figure 5 shows that the two reference sera for serotypes 10 and 20 cross-react the most with the BTV-4 ELISA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Development and Validation of an ELISA for the Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 4-Specific Antibodies

Bréard

Turpaud

Beaud

et al. 2021

Viruses

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In this article, we describe the development and evaluation of a double antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) able to detect serotype 4-specific antibodies from BTV-4 infected or vaccinated animals using a recombinant BTV-4 VP2 protein. The coding sequence of VP2 was inserted into a pVote plasmid by recombination in the Gateway® cloning system. Vaccinia virus (VacV) was used as a vector for the expression of the recombinant VP2. After production in BSR cells, recombinant VP2 was purified by immunoprecipitation using a FLAG tag and then used both as the coated ELISA antigen and as the HRP-tagged conjugate. The performance of the ELISA was evaluated with 1,186 samples collected from BTV negative, infected or vaccinated animals. The specificity and sensitivity of the BTV-4 ELISA were above the expected standards for the detection of anti-BTV-4 VP2 antibodies in animals reared in Europe or in the Mediterranean basin. Cross-reactions were observed with reference sera for serotypes 10 and 20, and to a lesser extent with serotypes 12, 17 and 24, due to their genetic proximity to serotype 4. Nevertheless, these serotypes have never been detected in Europe and the Mediterranean area. This ELISA, which requires only the production of a recombinant protein, can be used to detect BTV serotype 4-specific antibodies and is therefore an attractive alternative diagnostic method to serum neutralization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Development and Validation of an ELISA for the Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 4-Specific Antibodies

Bréard

Turpaud

Beaud

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Although in the current study, titration of antibodies was not done, the time taken for onset of neutralizing antibodies in BTV-16 superinfection was 15 days when compared to 7 days in BTV-4 infection and superinfection. As mentioned before, cross-neutralization of BTV-16 with BTV-4-specific neutralizing antibodies circulating in the superinfected animals is highly unlikely in this scenario as cross-protection conferred by BTV-4 which was experimentally confirmed for only BTV-9 and BTV-11 [30]. Furthermore, parallel studies in our laboratory suggested cross-neutralization of BTV-10 and not BTV-16 with BTV-4 serum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Infection kinetics and antibody responses in Deccani sheep during experimental infection and superinfection with bluetongue virus serotypes 4 and 16

Putty

Shaik²,

Peera³

et al. 2019

Vet World

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Aim: The current study was designed to understand the infection kinetics and antibody responses of major circulating serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) in India, i.e., BTV-4 and BTV-16 through experimental infection and superinfection of Deccani sheep, a popular breed of sheep found in the southern states of India. Materials and Methods: Experimental infection with 106 TCID50/ml BTV-4 was followed by superinfection with BTV-16 and vice versa. Along with observing for clinical signs and immunological responses in the experimentally infected sheep, the effect of infection of one specific serotype on the outcome of superinfection with a different serotype was also studied. Results: Certain interesting findings have been made in the course of experimental infection, such as prominent signs of infection in BTV-4 infection, mild or no clinical signs in BTV-16-infected and superinfected animals, and non-seroconversion of one of the BTV-16-superinfected animals. In addition, BTV was isolated from infected sheep in all the experimental conditions except BTV-16 superinfection. Furthermore, it was observed that immune response in the form of type-specific antibodies was slower with BTV-16 superinfection. Conclusion: Superinfection of a sheep with more than one serotype of BTV is a common phenomenon in BT endemic countries like India. Such situation was replicated in an experimental infection in the current study, and the findings to our knowledge are first of a kind and are likely to aid in unfolding the newer aspects of BTV pathogenesis and virulence.

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“…Adoptive transfer experiments performed by Jeggo et al helped establish that BTV protection is likely mediated by a combination of humoral and cellular immunity [ 40 , 41 ]. Transfer of neutralizing antibodies is effective at preventing re-infection from the same serotype, but confer limited protection towards different ones [ 42 ]. Jeggo et al also showed that T cell adoptive transfer from BTV-recovered sheep protected from BTV challenge in monozygotic twins [ 41 ].…”

Section: The Control Of Btv By Host Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay between Bluetongue Virus Infections and Adaptive Immunity

Rodríguez-Martín

Louloudes-Lázaro

Avia

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Viral infections have long provided a platform to understand the workings of immunity. For instance, great strides towards defining basic immunology concepts, such as MHC restriction of antigen presentation or T-cell memory development and maintenance, have been achieved thanks to the study of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infections. These studies have also shaped our understanding of antiviral immunity, and in particular T-cell responses. In the present review, we discuss how bluetongue virus (BTV), an economically important arbovirus from the Reoviridae family that affects ruminants, affects adaptive immunity in the natural hosts. During the initial stages of infection, BTV triggers leucopenia in the hosts. The host then mounts an adaptive immune response that controls the disease. In this work, we discuss how BTV triggers CD8+ T-cell expansion and neutralizing antibody responses, yet in some individuals viremia remains detectable after these adaptive immune mechanisms are active. We present some unpublished data showing that BTV infection also affects other T cell populations such as CD4+ T-cells or γδ T-cells, as well as B-cell numbers in the periphery. This review also discusses how BTV evades these adaptive immune mechanisms so that it can be transmitted back to the arthropod host. Understanding the interaction of BTV with immunity could ultimately define the correlates of protection with immune mechanisms that would improve our knowledge of ruminant immunology.

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Evaluation of cross-protection of bluetongue virus serotype 4 with other serotypes in sheep

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Development and Validation of an ELISA for the Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 4-Specific Antibodies

Development and Validation of an ELISA for the Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 4-Specific Antibodies

Infection kinetics and antibody responses in Deccani sheep during experimental infection and superinfection with bluetongue virus serotypes 4 and 16

The Interplay between Bluetongue Virus Infections and Adaptive Immunity

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