Evaluation of decellularized xenogenic porcine auricular cartilage as a novel biocompatible filler

Abstract

Fillers are products that fill the space in soft tissues of the human body and actively used in the various medical fields. Unfortunately, most of the cost-effective commercially available fillers are synthetic and have limitations in terms of their biocompatibility. Here, we evaluated the possible application of decellularized xenogenic cartilage as a long-lasting material for soft tissue augmentation and compared it with two commercially available fillers Artesense (polymethylmethacrylate microspheres) and Radiesse (calcium hydroxyapatite [CaHa]). To do so, porcine auricular cartilage was harvested, followed by freezing and grinding of the tissue into flakes. Then, we used 1% Triton X-100 to decellularize the flakes. We then, respectively, injected 0.1 cc of each material (decellularized xenogenic cartilage, Radiesse, and Artesense) into the subcutaneous layer at three different sites per subject in 12 Sprague-Dawley rats, and evaluated the inflammatory cell infiltration and foreign body reactions of each. Our data indicate that the infiltration of giant cells in the injection area was significantly lower in the decellularized xenogenic cartilage injection group than that in the Radiesse and Artesense injection groups. Further, we observed some neutrophil infiltration in the xenogenic cartilage and Artesense injection groups at 1 month, but these levels were much lower at 3 months (comparable to the Radiesse injection group). Thus, decellularized xenogenic cartilage may have a distinct advantage in terms of biocompatibility compared with other commercial injectable long-lasting fillers, making it one of the most feasible, natural, and cost effective materials in the market. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2708-2715, 2018.

Thermosensitive injectable decellularized nucleus pulposus hydrogel as an ideal biomaterial for nucleus pulposus regeneration

“…Paraffin sections and HE staining was performed to evaluate the local inflammatory response and foreign body reaction at the 400 high power field, which was described as report previously. 28…”

3D printing tissue-engineered scaffolds for auricular reconstruction

“…Therefore, its good biodegradability and biocompatibility together with reducing immune response is beneficial for promoting tissue regeneration and repair. Research has shown that the use of autologous or allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived decellularized nails, without the addition of exogenous growth factors, promotes the differentiation of BMSC to chondrocytes in vitro [ 73 , 74 ]. While natural materials have advantages such as low cytotoxicity and mild inflammatory response, they also have disadvantages such as lack of mechanical strength, rapid degradation rate in vivo , and difficulty in maintaining morphology [ [75] , [76] , [77] ].…”

Biocompatibility in vivo of elastic cartilage treated in alkaline solutions

“…The use of animal cartilage as a source of collagen and elastin has attracted the attention of researchers due to its availability, particularly in its bovine and swine forms, and because the cartilaginous tissue is very resistant to autolysis (Shin et al, 2018).…”