Evaluation of dietary inclusion of Bunium persicum, Bunium persicum essential oil on growth, immune components, immune‐related gene expressions and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila , in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Abstract

The immune-enhancing and antibacterial properties of Black cumin, Bunium persicum have been reported in the literatures. The present work examined the effects of black cumin essential oil (BEO) administration on immunity and resistance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss against the pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. To this end, fish were fed different levels of BEO [0%, 1% (10 g/kg diet), 2% (20 g/kg diet) and 3% (30 g/kg diet)] for 60 days. At the end of feeding trial, the growth parameters and immunological components of mucus and serum assayed and then fish challenged with A. hydrophila for an additional 10 days. No significant changes were observed in growth parameters (FCR, total weight gain, total final weight) between experimental groups after feeding period (p > 0.05). The BEO in 2% and 3% levels enhanced the serum and mucosal levels of lysozyme and bactericidal activity (p < 0.01). The serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, alternative complement activity (ACH50) and peroxidase activity elevated in fish administered 3% BPO (p < 0.01). Total albumin in blood, total protein in mucus and blood increased in all BPO-administered fish (p < 0.01). The mucosal protease and ALP activities elevated in fish fed 2% and 3% BPO (p < 0.01).The immune-related genes (iNOS and C3) were up-regulated in BEO-administered fish, with maximum expression in fish fed 3% BEO (p < 0.01). After the challenge with A. hydrophila, the IL-1b and TNFα expression significantly elevated in all groups (p < 0.01), although it was less pronounced in the EBO administrated fish. The diets containing 2% and 3% BEO significantly decreased the fish mortality following the challenge with A. hydrophila. In addition, less hepatocyte necrosis was observed in these treatments compared with the control group. Based on GC-Mass analysis of the essential oil, some components with antioxidant and antibacterial properties such as cuminaldehyde, ρ-cymene, limonene and γ-terpinene were recognized. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that dietary BEO can enhance immunity and increase the resistance of the rainbow trout against A. hydrophila.

Rosmarinic acid alone or in combination with Lactobacillus rhamnosus ameliorated resistance to ammonia stress in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: growth, immunity, antioxidant defense and liver functions

“…Although the positive potentials of LR on fish growth has been reported in various studies (Gonçalves et al, 2011;Dawood et al, 2016;Xia et al, 2018;Sewaka et al, 2019;Hooshyar et al, 2020), there are few studies related to the effect of this probiotic in combination with herbs (Harikrishnan et al, 2010). The antioxidant system of fish is the first line against oxidative stress (Hoseinifar et al, 2020;Hajirezaee and Khanjani, 2021). Under oxidative stress conditions, antioxidant enzymes and related compounds protect cells against damages caused by free radicals.…”

Protective effects of dietary Lavender (Lavandula officinalis) essential oil against Malathion-induced toxicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…Before gene expression assay, the method of Awad et al (2011) was used for the extraction of the RNA content from the kidney tissues (50 mg). After evaluating the quantity (spectrophotometrically at 260/280 nm) and quality (by electrophoresis on a 1.5% agarose gel) of the extracted RNA, 1 µg of RNA was allocated for the synthesis of cDNA [by previously designed qPCR primers (Table 1)] and then the expressions estimated by an iCycler (BioRad), as described in detail by Hajirezaee and Khanjani (2021).…”

Influence of stocking density on the growth, immune and physiological responses, and cultivation environment of white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in biofloc systems

“…The immune response in aquatic organisms can be influenced by various factors, including the environment, feed availability, and the genetics of the broodstocks 1 , 15 . The study by Ekasari et al 16 has shown that the use of BFT can activate the immune response in shrimp species like the white-leg shrimp, depending on the sources and amounts of carbon applied in the BFT system.…”