Evaluation of dynamic programming algorithms for the recognition of shortforms in Pitman's shorthand

High speed text input to computer using handwriting

“…A number of different formulations of the dynamic programming algorithm have been experimented with (Leedham and Downton, 1987;Nair, 1990;Nair and Leedham, 1991b). The results obtained give a correct recognition rate of over 96% for a set of ninety different shortforms.…”

Segmentation and recognition of phonetic features in handwritten Pitman shorthand

“…Leedham and Downton [8] proposed a syntactic method which interacts with a knowledge source derived from analysis of a large number of shorthand outlines to recognize vocalized outlines. Nair and Leedham [9] proposed an approach based on dynamic programming to classify shortforms. The dynamic programming compared two patterns in a non-linear manner by warping or stretching one pattern onto the other to attain the maximum coincidence.…”

“…Over one decade ago, intensive research [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] was carried out to demonstrate the potential of Pitman shorthand as a means of rapid text entry. The first investigation into the feasibility of using handwritten Pitman shorthand as a means of verbatim transcription as an aid for the deaf was performed by Brooks and Newell [4,7].…”

An On-line Recognition System for Handwritten Pitman Shorthand

“…The interactive heuristic search approach [5] could not guarantee to find the best interpretation for each consonant outline. Dynamic programming to the classification of shortforms [4] suffers from the problem of redundancy. The issue of vowel and diphthong symbol recognition was not fully investigated.…”