“…The most popular assessment method in water environment carrying status is comprehensive index evaluation (Liu and Borthwick, 2011;Yang et al, 2015) in which an appropriate indicator system is used as a basis for accurate assessment (Wei et al, 2019). In order to construct the indicator system, some frameworks have been used: PSR (Pressure-State-Response) (Huang et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2013;Lai et al, 2022), DPSIR (Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) (Pirrone et al, 2005;Pandey and Shrestha S, 2016;Mosaffaie et al, 2021), DPSIRM (Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response-Management) (Guo et al, 2018), eDPSIR (enhanced-Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) (Niemeijer and de Groot, 2008a), and VPOSRM (Vigor-Pressure-Organization-State-Resilience-Management) (Wei et al, 2019), which are widely used in research on environmental impacts, sustainable development, and environment management strategies. All these frameworks emphasize causality among relevant factors in environmental systems and reveal causal chains or networks that affect the environmental status (Niemeijer and de Groot, 2008b).…”