Evaluation of Exhaust Emissions from Three Diesel-Hybrid Cars and Simulation of After-Treatment Systems for Ultralow Real-World NO_x Emissions

Abstract

Hybridization offers great potential for decreasing pollutant and carbon dioxide emissions of diesel cars. However, an assessment of the real-world emissions performance of modern diesel hybrids is missing. Here, we test three diesel-hybrid cars on the road and benchmark our findings with two cars against tests on the chassis dynamometer and model simulations. The pollutant emissions of the two cars tested on the chassis dynamometer were in compliance with the relevant Euro standards over the New European Driving Cycle and Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure. On the road, all three diesel-hybrids exceeded the regulatory NO limits (average exceedance for all trips: +150% for the Volvo, +510% for the Peugeot, and +550% for the Mercedes-Benz) and also showed elevated on-road CO emissions (average exceedance of certification values: +178, +77, and +52%, respectively). These findings point to a wide discrepancy between certified and on-road CO and suggest that hybridization alone is insufficient to achieve low-NO emissions of diesel powertrains. Instead, our simulation suggests that properly calibrated selective catalytic reduction filter and lean-NO trap after-treatment technologies can reduce the on-road NO emissions to 0.023 and 0.068 g/km on average, respectively, well below the Euro 6 limit (0.080 g/km).

Estimation and Prediction of the Effect of Alternative Engine Technologies and Policy Measures on the Air Quality in St. Petersburg in 2010–2030

“…It is a part of the EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emissions Inventory Guidebook used by EU member states for official air emission inventorying. COPERT is also widely used around the world in air quality studies and academic research (Fontaras et al, 2014;Franco et al, 2016;Lozhkin, 2015, Ni et al, 2018).…”

“…Monitoring and improving air quality in built environment and cities are of crucial importance in the Russian Federation and all over the world (Franco et al, 2016;Genikhovich and Sciermeier, 1995;Genikhovich et al, 2002;Jain and Tiwari, 2016;Khreis et al, 2018;Lehtomäki et al, 2018;Lozhkin et al, 2013;Ni et al, 2018;Silva and Mendes, 2012;Singh et al, 2014;Taha, 2015;Zachariadis and Kouvaritakis, 2003;Yumino et al, 2015). Having ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) and other international acts, the Russian Federation confirmed its adherence to the concept of sustainable development and its intention to produce a considerable reduction in air pollutants and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.…”

Improving energy indicators of the charging station for electric vehicles based on a three-level active rectifier

“…The automated control system (ACS) for the active rectifier was built on the basis of an integrated regulator with the subsequent pulse-width modulation [42,43]. The designed ACS ensures the predefined dynamics of change in the charging voltage and current under the CC-CV modes.…”

Practicalities and Driving Dynamics of a Real Driving Emissions (RDE) Euro 6 Regulation Homologation Test

“…Moreover, drives with less idle events have less opportunity for the exhaust to cool down and therefore challenge the after-treatment systems less. After-treatment systems operate optimally within a specific temperature range [40]. Therefore, it could be concluded that there is significant advantage in ensuring a route has the least opportunity for idle events as the regulation allows.…”