Evaluation of Extraction and Degradation Methods to Obtain Chickpeasaponin B1 from Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Abstract

The objective of this research is to implement extraction and degradation methods for the obtainment of 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl] soyasapogenol B (chickpeasaponin B1) from chickpea. The effects of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) processing parameters—such as ethanol concentration, solvent/solid ratio, extraction temperature, microwave irradiation power, and irradiation time—were evaluated. Using 1g of material with 8 mL of 70% aqueous ethanol and an extraction time of 10 min at 70 °C under irradiation power 400W provided optimal extraction conditions. Compared with the conventional extraction techniques, including heat reflux extraction (HRE), Soxhlet extraction (SE), and ultrasonic extraction (UE), MAE produced higher extraction efficiency under a lower extraction time. DDMP (2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one) saponin can be degraded to structurally stable saponin B by the loss of its DDMP group. The influence of pH and the concentration of potassium hydroxide on transformation efficiency of the target compound was investigated. A solution of 0.25 M potassium hydroxide in 75% aqueous ethanol was suitable for converting the corresponding DDMP saponins of chickpeasaponin B1. The implementation by the combining MAE technique and alkaline hydrolysis method for preparing chickpeasaponin B1 provides a convenient technology for future applications.

Defatted Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Seed Meal and Its Phenolic‐Saponin‐Rich Extract Protect Hypercholesterolemic Rats against Oxidative Stress and Systemic Inflammation via Transcriptional Modulation of Hepatic Antioxidant Genes

“…Appropriate increase in the extraction temperature will disrupt the integrity of the cell wall, thus facilitating the release of bound bioactives from the matrix and enhancing the solubility and diffusion coefficient of bioactives into the extraction solvent, leading to the optimal recovery of bioactives in the extract [ 50 , 51 ]. For instance, heated reflux extraction (80°C) of Pterodon emarginatus vogel seeds with 70% aqueous ethanol provided the highest phenolic recovery as compared to the nonthermal extraction processes [ 52 ], while a higher recovery of chickpeasaponin B1 was observed when the aqueous-ethanolic extraction processes were carried out under heated reflux condition (90°C) in comparison to the nonthermal ultrasonic extraction [ 53 ].…”

Administration of host‐derived probiotics does not affect utilization of soybean meal enriched diets in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

“…The most prominent method to avoid the detrimental effects of saponins is its reduction or exclusion by chemical or thermal extraction prior to its application as feedstuff (Cheng et al, 2017;Drew, Borgeson, & Thiessen, 2007;Tarade et al, 2006). Unfortunately, these extraction procedures are technically demanding and thus energy-and cost-intensive.…”

Ethanol/ammonium sulfate ultrasonic‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction of flavonoids from Tibetan Sea‐buckthorn fruit

“…Ultrasound-assisted extractions (UAEs) are applied for the isolation of many compounds such as flavonoids (Das et al, 2021;Valu et al, 2020), polysaccharides (Chen et al, 2020;Li et al, 2019), triterpenoids (Cheng et al, 2017), and alkaloids (Zuo et al, 2004)…”

“…Ultrasound‐assisted extractions (UAEs) are applied for the isolation of many compounds such as flavonoids (Das et al, 2021; Valu et al, 2020), polysaccharides (Chen et al, 2020; Li et al, 2019), triterpenoids (Cheng et al, 2017), and alkaloids (Zuo et al, 2004) from plant materials. Ultrasonic waves create intracellular cavities that disrupt plant cells and facilitate mass transfer by improving the velocity of solvent molecules.…”