The adhesion of bacteria
on clay surfaces strongly affected their
migration and distribution in soil and water. Bacterial adhesion experiments
on the Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) surface were conducted to determine
the role of Na-MMT in the bacterial adhesion process and to prove
the validity of the isotherm and kinetic theory for the bacterial
surface adhesion in the presence of Ca2+ ions. Batch adhesion
experiments with bacteria on the Na-MMT surface were carried out with
varying time frames, temperatures, bacterial concentrations, and Ca2+ ion concentrations. The adhesion capacity of Na-MMT significantly
correlated with the Ca2+ ion concentration, temperature,
time frame, and bacterial concentration when Ca2+ ions
were present. The adhesion morphology of the bacteria onto the Na-MMT
surface, observed through the zeta-potential and atomic force microscopy
(AFM), additionally demonstrated that the bacterial adhesion onto
the Na-MMT surface was dominated by the nonelectrostatic force.