Evaluation of Farms’ Sustainability According to Land Tenure in Mornag, Tunisia

Abstract

<p>In Tunisia the main objective of sustainable agriculture is to improve agricultural systems by creating more wealth and meeting the needs of the population without compromising those of future generations. It turned out that confusion and lack of clarity of ownership status of agricultural land would lead to instability in agricultural sustainability by having a negative impact on social and economic prosperity and environment preservation. Within this environmental concern, the current research constitutes an assessment of the level of sustainability of different farms in Tunisia where problems of land ownership still exist. The current research is based on the Farm Sustainability Indicators method (standing for: <em>‘Indicateurs de durabilité des exploitations agricoles </em>or IDEA). This case study employed IDEA method which provides operational content to compare the sustainability concept at the farm level, based on the factor of ‘land tenure status’. In Tunisia, the lack of clear land ownership affects the output of agriculture that is why it is valuable to assess the impact of land properties status on farms’ agricultural sustainability. Hence, we distinguished two groups of farms: Private Farms (PF) (inherited from father to son) and Farming Enhancement Corporation (FEC) (state’s lands leased by farmers for many years). The results showed that land tenure has impact on farms sustainability. PF are more sustainable on both agro-ecological scale (49.2) and socio-territorial scale (48); compared to FEC (agro-ecological: 44.5 and socio-territorial: 46). PF favor integrated systems and the production of field crops and fodder crops and they attach greater importance to their employees’ training.</p>

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“…This suggests that some farms are achieving high levels of economic sustainability, while others may be facing challenges in this aspect. These findings correspond with earlier studies conducted by M'hamdi et al ( 2017) and Gara et al (2021).…”

“…This suggests a relatively consistent performance across farms in terms of agro-ecological practices and their impact on sustainability. This clustering aligns with the observations made by Gara et al (2021) and Ouakli et al (2018) and emphasizes the consistent commitment of the examined Tunisian farms to agro-ecological practices. It indicates a narrower range of variation compared to the economic scale, implying a more consistent approach to agro-ecological sustainability among the studied farms.…”

“…This indicates a moderate level of variation among the farms in terms of their socio-territorial sustainability, suggesting that some farms may be performing better in this aspect while others are lagging behind. This resonates with the conclusions of previous studies, signifying a congruence in the observed results (Ouakli et al, 2018;Gara et al, 2021;Attia et al, 2022). It is worth noting, as highlighted by Viaux (2004), that the Regarding the economic scale, the sustainability scores exhibit a significant amplitude, indicating a wide variation among the farms in terms of their economic performance and contribution to sustainability.…”

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“…This step led to descriptions of the present-time situations based on field missions and investigations, which were extensively described in previous publications, including some led by the authors of this present article, that suffice for an exhaustive description: Garmy (1963), Balent (2018), Balan (2021) and for the Pyrenean sites, Hamrita et al (2017), Saqalli et al (2020), Gara et al (2021) for Jebel Ressass andEl Hachimi et al (2013, 2014) or Balgley and Rignall (2021) for the Upper Moulouya sites.…”

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“…This shows that the area of arable land cultivated by farmers is still narrow. To increase production and income obtained by farmers, the area of arable land needs to be increased (Gara et al, 2021;Iskandar & Jamhari, 2020). The addition of land area will increase the population of lowland rice plants.…”