Evaluation of fuel consumption potential of medium and heavy duty vehicles through modeling and simulation.

Delorme, Antoine; Karbowski, Dominik; Sharer, P.

doi:10.2172/981650

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Modeled vehicle characteristics are based on manufacturers' specifications and published vehicle projection studies (Delorme, Karbowski, and Sharer 2010;Nam and Giannelli 2005;Plotkin and Singh 2009;Singh, Vyas, and Steiner 2003 Because the intended use of the FSC is for long-range scenario analysis with uncertain fleets, the modeled vehicles are not constrained to existing vehicles, but are expanded to a wider range of characteristics. The range of vehicle characteristics is tested using a set of 145 modeled vehicles (not every possible combination of characteristics is modeled), from very small neighborhood electric vehicles to larger sized passenger trucks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a few exceptions, FE research for advanced power train vehicles has focused on overall average FE, not speed-dependent or congestion-dependent FE. HEV modeling studies by Delorme, Karbowski, and Sharer (2010) and Fontaras, Pistikopoulos, and Samaras (2008) suggest different FSC shapes for advanced power train vehicles as compared to ICE vehicles, with lower FE-optimal speeds and less FE loss in congestion. But these few studies do not provide the array of FSC needed for scenario modeling of FE in congestion for uncertain future vehicle fleets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the effects of congestion on fuel economy for advanced power train vehicles

Bigazzi

Clifton

2015

Transportation Planning and Technology

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Fuel-speed curves (FSC) are used to account for the aggregate effects of congestion on fuel consumption in transportation scenario analysis. This paper presents plausible FSC for conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and for advanced vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles, fully electric vehicles (EVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) using a fuel consumption model with transient driving schedules and a set of 145 hypothetical vehicles. The FSC shapes show that advanced power train vehicles are expected to maintain fuel economy (FE) in congestion better than ICE vehicles, and FE can even improve for EV and FCV in freeway congestion. In order to implement these FSC for long-range scenario modeling, a bounded approach is presented which uses a single congestion sensitivity parameter. The results in this paper will assist analysis of the roles that vehicle technology and congestion mitigation can play in reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles. IntroductionTraffic congestion is ubiquitous and increasing in urban areas, leading to longer travel times, lower average speeds, and increased vehicle speed variability. These outcomes influence vehicle engine operating loads and operating duration, which in turn have an impact on fuel efficiency. At the same time, the passenger vehicle fleet continues to evolve with advanced power train types such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), and fully electric vehicles (EVs). This paper addresses how these advanced vehicle technologies will respond to congestion, in terms of fuel efficiency.Motor vehicle fuel efficiency can be expressed as fuel economy (FE) -in travel distance per unit volume of fuel -in the USA as miles per gallon (mpg). Fuel-speed curves (FSC) generalize the relationship between FE and congestion as the average FE at a given average travel speed, including typical acceleration and deceleration activity (usually for specific vehicle and roadway types). The average speed variable in FSC is a proxy for congestion level, indicative of both average speed and speed variability for archetypal conditions. Thus, FSC can serve to estimate the effects of congestion on aggregate fuel consumption in macroscopic traffic and transportation models.Existing research on FSC for conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles indicates that increasing levels of congestion -with lower average speeds -lead to

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the effects of congestion on fuel economy for advanced power train vehicles

Bigazzi

Clifton

2015

Transportation Planning and Technology

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“…At lower speeds that are typical of urban driving, losses in the engine and transmission tend to dominate, while as speed increases, aerodynamic and rolling resistance drag represent an increasing share of overall energy consumption (Delorme et al 2009). Given that urban driving accounts for a large percentage of overall HDV fuel consumption in Japan, the regulation's emphasis on engine improvements is a logical point of focus for its Phase 1 regulation.…”

Section: Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of heavy-duty vehicle fuel efficiency policies in major markets

Kodjak¹,

Sharpe²,

Delgado³

2015

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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Heavy-duty vehicles contribute a significant and increasing portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of heavy-duty vehicle efficiency policies in major markets to better inform the global evolution of climate mitigation measures. The paper compiles information from those four nations that have adopted some form of heavy-duty vehicle fuel economy standards-China Japan, United States of America (USA), and Canada-plus the European Union. Despite widespread differences, the study finds that each jurisdiction used simulation modeling to some extent to minimize the cost of chassis-based compliance testing. Further, the study identified several common elements under development for the next round of policies, including (1) how to incorporate trailer manufacturers into existing regulatory structures, (2) how to add new test procedures to fully account for potential benefits from hybrids and advanced transmissions, and (3) how to address the tension between separate test procedures for fuel economy and conventional pollutants. The paper concludes with a discussion of opportunities and challenges for aligning national policies in the future.

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“…Meeting stricter efficiency and emissions standards will require the continuous development of advanced technologies. A number of studies exist in the literature that attempt to quantify the range of efficiency and emissions benefits of individual, and groups of, technologies (National Research Council, 2010;Cooper et al, 2009;Silver and Brotherton, 2013;Zhao et al, 2013;Gao et al, 2013;Delorme et al, 2009). These studies play a key role in supporting near-term regulatory decisions as individual technologies must be considered in the context of specific use cases, given the diversity of HDV truck types and operational patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heavy-duty vehicle future in the United States: A parametric analysis of technology and policy tradeoffs

et al. 2015

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We present a parametric analysis of factors U.S. Class 7-8 trucks through 2050. Conventional diesels will be more than 70% of U.S. heavy-duty vehicles through 2050. CNG trucks are well suited to large, urban fleets with private refueling. Ultra-efficient long haul diesel trucks are preferred over LNG at current fuel prices. a b s t r a c tWe present a parametric analysis of factors that can influence advanced fuel and technology deployments in U.S. Class 7-8 trucks through 2050. The analysis focuses on the competition between traditional diesel trucks, natural gas vehicles (NGVs), and ultra-efficient powertrains. Underlying the study is a vehicle choice and stock model of the U.S. heavy-duty vehicle market. The model is segmented by vehicle class, body type, powertrain, fleet size, and operational type. We find that conventional diesel trucks will dominate the market through 2050, but NGVs could have significant market penetration depending on key technological and economic uncertainties. Compressed natural gas trucks conducting urban trips in fleets that can support private infrastructure are economically viable now and will continue to gain market share. Ultra-efficient diesel trucks, exemplified by the U.S. Department of Energy's SuperTruck program, are the preferred alternative in the long haul segment, but could compete with liquefied natural gas (LNG) trucks if the fuel price differential between LNG and diesel increases. However, the greatest impact in reducing petroleum consumption and pollutant emissions is had by investing in efficiency technologies that benefit all powertrains, especially the conventional diesels that comprise the majority of the stock, instead of incentivizing specific alternatives.

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Evaluation of fuel consumption potential of medium and heavy duty vehicles through modeling and simulation.

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling the effects of congestion on fuel economy for advanced power train vehicles

Modeling the effects of congestion on fuel economy for advanced power train vehicles

Evolution of heavy-duty vehicle fuel efficiency policies in major markets

The heavy-duty vehicle future in the United States: A parametric analysis of technology and policy tradeoffs

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