Evaluation of gallic acid on membrane damage of Yersinia enterocolitica and its application as a food preservative in pork

Nutritional profiling, fiber content and in vitro bioactivities of wheat-based biscuits formulated with novel ingredients

“…38 In this context, several studies have demonstrated that compounds like gallic and protocatechuic acids possess inhibitory effect of Y. enterocolitica growth, suggesting their potential application as food preservatives to extend the shelf life of foods. 39,40 In a similar way, ferulic acid has been reported to have antifungal action. 41…”

“…38 In this context, several studies have demonstrated that compounds like gallic and protocatechuic acids possess inhibitory effect of Y. enterocolitica growth, suggesting their potential application as food preservatives to extend the shelf life of foods. 39,40 In a similar way, ferulic acid has been reported to have antifungal action. 41 In a recent revision concerning plants utilized as antimicrobials, it has been elucidated that Salvia species are notably abundant in various bioactive compounds, including terpene derivatives, essential oils, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins.…”

The Mechanism of Antimicrobial Activity of Conjugated Bile Acids against Lactic Acid Bacilli

“…GCDCA and TCDCA are similar to gallic acid and phenyllactic acid in their effects on bacterial membrane integrity. Gallic acid [ 32 ] and phenyllactic acid [ 46 ] have been reported to cause a loss of cellular membrane integrity in Yersinia enterocolitica and Bacillus cereus , respectively.…”

“…The decrease in cellular ΔpH caused by GCDCA and TCDCA observed in this study can be attributed to two factors: (1) loss of cell membrane integrity; (2) intracellular ionization of protonated conjugated bile acids. It has been generally accepted that organic acids can cross the bacterial cell membrane in their undissociated form and cause acidification in the cytoplasm of the living cells, leading to energy depletion and slow growth [ 32 , 52 ]. In a previous study, it was found that unconjugated bile acids (CA and DCA) reduced intracellular pH more than conjugated bile acids (GCA and TCA), possibly as a result of higher pKa values [ 23 ].…”

“…The cultures were excited using 440- and 490-nm-wavelength light, respectively, and the fluorescence emission intensity was recorded at 525 nm using a Tecan Spark multimode microplate reader [ 32 ]. The ratios of the fluorescence emission intensity from bacterial cells stained with the probes excited at 490 and 440 nm were calculated.…”