Evaluation of gastric emptying time, gastrointestinal transit time, sedation score, and nausea score associated with intravenous constant rate infusion of lidocaine hydrochloride in clinically normal dogs

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To quantify nausea and sedation scores, gastric emptying time, and gastrointestinal transit time after IV administration of a lidocaine hydrochloride bolus followed by a constant rate infusion (CRI) in clinically normal dogs. ANIMALS 6 Beagles. PROCEDURES In a crossover study, dogs were fed thirty 1.5-mm barium-impregnated spheres (BIPS) and received a saline (0.9% NaCl) solution bolus (0.05 mL/kg) IV (time 0) followed by a CRI at 10 mL/h, a lidocaine bolus (1 mg/kg) IV followed by a CRI at 25 μg/kg/min, or a lidocaine bolus (1 mg/kg) IV followed by a CRI at 50 μg/kg/min; CRIs were for 12 hours. Nausea and sedation scores were assessed and abdominal radiographs obtained immediately after feeding of BIPS and every hour for 12 hours and again 16 hours after CRI start. Percentage of BIPSs in the small and large intestines, gastric emptying time, and gastrointestinal transit time were assessed. RESULTS Gastric emptying time did not differ significantly among treatments. Significantly more BIPS were in the large intestine 4 to 7 hours after treatment start for the 50-μg/kg/min treatment than for the other 2 treatments. Six hours after treatment start, significantly more BIPS were in the large intestine for the 25-μg/kg/min treatment than for the saline solution treatment. Higher sedation and nausea scores were associated with the 50-μg/kg/min CRI. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In clinically normal dogs, lidocaine CRI did not significantly affect gastric emptying. However, gastrointestinal transit time was mildly decreased and sedation and nausea scores increased in dogs administered a lidocaine CRI at clinically used doses.

Gastrointestinal effects following acupuncture at Pericardium‐6 and Stomach‐36 in healthy dogs: a pilot study

“…Optimal dosing techniques of radiopaque markers in dogs include the use of 1.5-mm spheres fed in canned dog food, baby food or fed in a kibble ration. When small BIPS are ingested, 75% are predicted to exit the stomach of clinically normal dogs by a mean ±sd of 10.8 ±1.4 hours (Nelson et al 2001) to 7.0 ±1.9 hours (Johnson et al 2017). For our control acupuncture treatment, gastric emptying of 75% of BIPS was detected at 3.4 ±1.4 hours, much faster than previously reported values.…”

“…, Johnson et al . ). Optimal dosing techniques of radiopaque markers in dogs include the use of 1.5‐mm spheres fed in canned dog food, baby food or fed in a kibble ration.…”

“…To determine a 20% difference in the absolute number of BIPS between groups (e.g. a difference between 10 out of 30 BIPS in one treatment group compared to 16 out of 30 BIPS in another group located out of the stomach) with an alpha = 0.05 and power = 0.8, a sample size of six dogs was required, similar to other studies (Johnson et al 2017).…”

“…Various methods such as conventional and contrast radiography, ultrasonography, nuclear markers, electromyography, radioactive tracers and motility capsules have been used to evaluate small intestinal motility (Caride et al 1984, Dromehl et al 1985, De Ridder et al 1989, Penninck et al 1989, Wiederkehr et al 1992, Choi et al 2001, Balsa et al 2017, in addition to radiopaque markers (Chandler et al 1990, Allan et al 1996, Chandler et al 1997, Sparkes et al 1997, Robertson & Burbidge 2000, Nelson et al 2001, Boscan et al 2006, Johnson et al 2017. Optimal dosing techniques of radiopaque markers in dogs include the use of 1.5-mm spheres fed in canned dog food, baby food or fed in a kibble ration.…”

“…Food was withheld from the dogs 24 hours before each experiment. Similar to previous studies (Allan et al 1996, Johnson et al 2017), on the morning of each study, dogs were fed a kibble meal ration [0.5 resting energy requirement = 0.5×70×(body weight in kg) 0.75 ] with 30×1.5-mm (outer diameter) barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS; Medical ID Systems Inc) mixed in a small amount of baby food and dispersed throughout the kibble. Within 10 minutes of feeding, ventrodorsal, right lateral and left lateral abdominal radiographs were obtained (baseline), and treatments were started.…”