Evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative effects in workers exposed to jet propulsion fuel

Erdem, Onur; Sayal, Ahmet; Eken, Ayşe; Akay, Cemal; Aydın, Ahmet

doi:10.1007/s00420-011-0676-x

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…An Italian study reported DNA aberrations in airport staff (sister chromatid exchange and total structural chromosomal changes in lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal cells) with increased tail moment in the comet assay compared to unexposed controls [6]. Evaluation of airport workers in Turkey [7] and at an American aircraft equipment military station [8] also showed a significant increase in the frequency of sister chromatid exchange in the exposed workers. Recently, it was shown that 2 hours of normal breathing in a high-concentration airport-particle zone downwind of Los Angeles airport increased the acute systemic inflammatory cytokine IL-6 of non-smoking adults with asthma [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airport emission particles: exposure characterization and toxicity following intratracheal instillation in mice

et al. 2019

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Background Little is known about the exposure levels and adverse health effects of occupational exposure to airplane emissions. Diesel exhaust particles are classified as carcinogenic to humans and jet engines produce potentially similar soot particles. Here, we evaluated the potential occupational exposure risk by analyzing particles from a non-commercial airfield and from the apron of a commercial airport. Toxicity of the collected particles was evaluated alongside NIST standard reference diesel exhaust particles (NIST2975) in terms of acute phase response, pulmonary inflammation, and genotoxicity after single intratracheal instillation in mice. Results Particle exposure levels were up to 1 mg/m 3 at the non-commercial airfield. Particulate matter from the non-commercial airfield air consisted of primary and aggregated soot particles, whereas commercial airport sampling resulted in a more heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds including salt, pollen and soot, reflecting the complex occupational exposure at an apron. The particle contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals were similar to the content in NIST2975. Mice were exposed to doses 6, 18 and 54 μg alongside carbon black (Printex 90) and NIST2975 and euthanized after 1, 28 or 90 days. Dose-dependent increases in total number of cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were observed on day 1 post-exposure for all particles. Lymphocytes were increased for all four particle types on 28 days post-exposure as well as for neutrophil influx for jet engine particles and carbon black nanoparticles. Increased Saa3 mRNA levels in lung tissue and increased SAA3 protein levels in plasma were observed on day 1 post-exposure. Increased levels of DNA strand breaks in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and liver tissue were observed for both particles, at single dose levels across doses and time points. Conclusions Pulmonary exposure of mice to particles collected at two airports induced acute phase response, inflammation, and genotoxicity similar to standard diesel exhaust particles and carbon black nanoparticles, suggesting similar physicochemical properties and toxicity of jet engine particles and diesel exhaust particles. Given this resemblance as well as the dose-response relationship between diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer, occupational exposure to jet engine emissions at the two airports should be minimized. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-019-0305-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airport emission particles: exposure characterization and toxicity following intratracheal instillation in mice

et al. 2019

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“…Lemasters et al 37 assessed genotoxic changes in aircraft maintenance personnel exposed to solvents and jet fuel (mostly JP-4) in a sequential study, and reported a small but statistically significant increase in the frequency of SCE of a group of workers after 30 weeks of exposure, while observing a non-statistically significant increase in micronuclei frequency in the unexposed group. SCE frequency was also observed to be higher in the exposed group of military air force workers in a cross-sectional study from Erden et al accompanied by a no difference in micronuclei frequency 22 . Pitarque et al did not detect changes in SCE in a cross-sectional study among airport workers, but observed lower micronuclei frequency in the exposed group, and small increase in DNA damage detected by the comet assay 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, a field study among firefighters did not indicate genotoxicity in PBMCs after a work shift, which was considered to be related to both low exposure during the work shift under study and possibly carry-over from previous exposures, even though the firefighters were monitored after three days off 36 . Previous studies on jet fuel exposure among aircraft and airport workers assessed genetic damage by sister chromatic exchange (SCE), micronuclei frequency, chromosomal aberrations, DNA strand breaks and oxidatively damaged DNA with inconsistent results 22 , 37 – 40 . Lemasters et al 37 assessed genotoxic changes in aircraft maintenance personnel exposed to solvents and jet fuel (mostly JP-4) in a sequential study, and reported a small but statistically significant increase in the frequency of SCE of a group of workers after 30 weeks of exposure, while observing a non-statistically significant increase in micronuclei frequency in the unexposed group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure and markers of genetic damage, systemic inflammation and lung function: a Danish cross-sectional study among air force personnel

Andersen

Saber

Frederiksen

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Air force ground crew personnel are potentially exposed to fuels and lubricants, as raw materials, vapours and combustion exhaust emissions, during operation and maintenance of aircrafts. This study investigated exposure levels and biomarkers of effects for employees at a Danish air force military base. We enrolled self-reported healthy and non-smoking employees (n = 79) and grouped them by exposure based on job function, considered to be potentially exposed (aircraft engineers, crew chiefs, fuel operators and munition specialists) or as reference group with minimal occupational exposure (avionics and office workers). We measured exposure levels to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) by silicone bands and skin wipes (PAHs only) as well as urinary excretion of PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs). Additionally, we assessed exposure levels of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in the breathing zone for specific job functions. As biomarkers of effect, we assessed lung function, plasma levels of acute phase inflammatory markers, and genetic damage levels in peripheral blood cells. Exposure levels of total PAHs, OPEs and OH-PAHs did not differ between exposure groups or job functions, with low correlations between PAHs in different matrices. Among the measured job functions, the UFP levels were higher for the crew chiefs. The exposure level of the PAH fluorene was significantly higher for the exposed group than the reference group (15.9 ± 23.7 ng/g per 24 h vs 5.28 ± 7.87 ng/g per 24 h, p = 0.007), as was the OPE triphenyl phosphate (305 ± 606 vs 19.7 ± 33.8 ng/g per 24 h, p = 0.011). The OPE tris(1,3-dichlor-2-propyl)phosphate had a higher mean in the exposed group (60.7 ± 135 ng/g per 24 h) compared to the reference group (8.89 ± 15.7 ng/g per 24 h) but did not reach significance. No evidence of effects for biomarkers of systemic inflammation, genetic damage or lung function was found. Overall, our biomonitoring study show limited evidence of occupational exposure of air force ground crew personnel to UFPs, PAHs and OPEs. Furthermore, the OH-PAHs and the assessed biomarkers of early biological effects did not differ between exposed and reference groups.

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Urinary Biomarkers of Environmental Health: Jet Fuel

B’Hymer¹

2015

Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications

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Evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative effects in workers exposed to jet propulsion fuel

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Airport emission particles: exposure characterization and toxicity following intratracheal instillation in mice

Airport emission particles: exposure characterization and toxicity following intratracheal instillation in mice

Occupational exposure and markers of genetic damage, systemic inflammation and lung function: a Danish cross-sectional study among air force personnel

Urinary Biomarkers of Environmental Health: Jet Fuel

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