Evaluation of geohazards in the Cape Girardeau area using LiDAR and GIS, Southeast Missouri, USA

Abstract

The New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) has historically recorded some of the largest intensity earthquakes in North America, including significant earth movements that resulted in about 2000 felt earthquakes during 1811–1812. The region continues to experience mass wasting due to earth movements. The aim of this study is to understand the influence of geologic variables on mass wasting processes in the greater Cape Girardeau area, which forms the commercial center of Missouri's fertile "Bootheel" region. Earth movement susceptibility was evaluated in Cape Girardeau and Bollinger counties and portions of Stoddard and Scott counties by mapping potential landslide features on topographic maps, field verification of such features, and geospatial analysis of recent LiDAR imagery. In order to evaluate the changes in surface morphology, slope inclination, hillshade aspect, hydrology, lithology, faults, precipitation, seismicity, sinkholes, and geohydrology were considered. Geographically weighted analysis of the geomorphologic variables identified zones of relative risk. In addition, data were evaluated for oil and gas pipelines, bridges, utilities, and open pit mines associated with mass wasting on public and economic infrastructure. The results suggest that anthropogenic changes commonly associated with urban development impact land use, runoff, infiltration, and slope failures, while sustained precipitation and seismic ground shaking tend to trigger landslides. The scale of mass wasting in the study area was robust, varying from as small as one-half hectare to as much as 67 km2. The vulnerability of the population in susceptible areas tends to increase at the lower elevations and on alluvial flood plains. Thus, hazard susceptibility evaluation can be useful in both community planning as well as emergency preparedness.

Evaluation Method and Application of Ecological Sensitivity of Intercity Railway Network Planning

“…Currently, many studies on ecological sensitivity evaluation have been reported and were mainly focused on the following aspects: (1) ecological sensitivity evaluation of a certain region, such as Jianghan Plain, China [1], Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China [2], Denizli Province, Turkey [3], Pingtan Island (China) and Nile Delta (Egypt) [4], along the Yangtze River in China [5], etc. ; (2) Special research should be conducted on sensitive factors, such as soil erosion [6][7][8], geological disasters [9][10][11][12], cultivated land resources [13][14][15], and water resources [16][17][18]; (3) Spatial planning or spatial pattern optimization based on ecological sensitivity analysis, such as the optimization of spatial patterns of resource-based cities [19], optimization of land use spatial patterns [20], urban development boundary planning [21], landscape spatial planning [22], etc. ; (4) Ecological sensitivity evaluations of specific projects, such as power grid projects [23], airport reclamation projects [24], and hydroelectric power plant projects [25].…”