Evaluation of haemodynamic changes of uterine arteries using Doppler ultrasonography during different stages of pregnancy in Bos indicus cows

Abstract

Dairy farm economics relies largely on the establishment and maintenance of pregnancies in the food producing animals (Atkins et al., 2013). The development of pregnancy involves the physiological implantation and angiogenic variations in the maternal vascular system (Kingdom, Huppertz, Seaward, & Kaufmann, 2000), accompanied with the remodelling of the intrinsic vascular changes, leading to the development and growth of the uteroplacental circulation (Kenna, Ronald, & Dinesh, 2017). With the advancement in gestation, the demands for nutrients and oxygen supply of the growing conceptus increase many folds (Rigano et al., 2010), and uteroplacental unit keeps remodelling to these haemodynamic changes to mediate maternal adaptations throughout the gestation length

B- mode and Color Doppler sonographic appearance of pelvic tendon, ligament, and uterine blood flow in non-pregnant and heavy pregnant dairy cows

“…The placentom of the gravid horn showed moderate blood perfusion represented by the bright orange pixels on the center of the placentom. These results were parallel to that previously recorded by Hassan et al (2020). Therefore, fetal and maternal environment were indispensable factors for the maintenance of successful pregnancy (Spencer et al 2006).…”

“…Here, we reported a signi cant increase in the diameter of middle uterine artery and peak systolic velocity waveform of its blood ow in heavy pregnant cows. These ndings were in harmony with Hassan et al (2020) who reported an increment in the diameter of uterine artery and blood ow as pregnancy advances. Based on both studies along with the demonstrated reduction of blood ow in the middle uterine artery in case of uterine torsion in cattle (Singh et al 2016;Devender et al 2018), it can be elucidated that increased blood ow of middle uterine artery is a characteristic doppler nding for pregnancy.…”

“…2013; Singh et al 2017;Hassan et al 2020). The obtained PI and RI values were signi cantly lower in heavy pregnant than non-pregnant cows.…”

“…It has been used in evaluation of uterine blood ow in Simmenthal heifers (Heppelmann et al 2013), discrepancy between normal pregnancy and uterine torsion in buffaloes (Devender et al 2018). It has been used also, in differentiating between normal pregnancy and pyometra in bitches (Pati et al 2019), distinction of compromised pregnancy in Bos indicus cows (Hassan et al 2020), and assessing changes in ovarian and uterine perfusion during the puerperium (El -sherbiny et al 2020).…”

Ovarian dynamics, hormone profiles, and characterization of ovarian and uterine blood flow in cycling Sahiwal cows

“…Sahiwal is an established Bos indicus dairy breed (Shah, 1994). Previously, certain aspects of the oestrus cycle physiology had been explored with B-mode (Amjad et al, 2006;Krishna et al, 2010; or Doppler ultrasonography (Hassan et al, 2018;Hassan et al, 2020). However, information on follicular and luteal dynamics, hormone profiles during oestrus cycle and blood flow indices of OBF and UBF during peri-ovulatory follicular wave have not been studied before in Sahiwal cows.…”