“…Hand hygiene compliance rates were 3.9% and 3.2% in nurses and doctors, respectively, in a study performed in 2004 at Ege University Hospital [19] . In the pediatric ICU of another Turkish tertiary-care educational hospital, hand hygiene compliance rates were 75%, 20%, and 5% in nurses, specialist doctors, and physician assistants in 2012, respectively [20] . The Turkish Ministry of Health has been enforcing mandatory hand hygiene observations by Infection Control Committees since 2014.…”