Evaluation of Haptoglobin Genotype and Some Risk Factors of Cancer in Patients with Early Stage Esophageal Cancer

Abstract

Introduction: Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal gastrointestinal cancers that has a complex and diverse etiology, with several genetic and nutritional factors involved in its etiology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the type of haptoglobin genotype and its relationship with some nutritional and biochemical risk factors affecting the prevalence of esophageal cancer in patients with early stage esophageal cancer. Materials and methods: In this study, 44 patients (20 males and 24 females) with early stage esophageal cancer and 44 healthy subjects, classified as control group, (19 males and 25 females) were selected. Haptoglobin (HP) genotype was determined employing PCR technique. Nutritional data were analyzed using standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate and nitrite were measured employing the colorimetric method. Serum levels of p53 protein were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: The results of our study showed for the first time that HP1-1 genotype was the most prevalent genotype in esophageal cancer patients in Golestan province, Iran. HP2-2 genotype was the most frequent in the control group. Serum levels of MDA were significantly higher in the patients' group compared to the control group (P˂0.001). Weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower in the patients' group than the control group (P<0.01). Food frequency analysis revealed that the consumption of fruits and vegetables in the patients' group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study showed for the first time that HP1-1 genotype is the dominant genotype in patients with esophageal cancer in Golestan province. As well, modification of nutritional pattern and consumption of high level of antioxidant compounds can be effective in reducing the prevalence of esophageal cancer in this region.

Profiles of immune cell infiltration and immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

“…It is the eighth most common cancer and the sixth most common cause of cancer death globally [ 2 ]. In Iran, esophageal cancer is more popular than any other countries or regions in the world [ 3 ]. Classified by histology, esophageal cancer is divisible into adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) [ 4 ].…”

Glycemic index, glycemic load, dietary insulin index, and dietary insulin load in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors among participants with atherosclerosis: a cross-sectional study

“…Men with WC > 102 cm and women with WC > 88 cm are at higher risk of obesity disorders than those below these thresholds [ 42 – 44 ]. Bodyweight and height were measured using a Seca scale with an accuracy of 100 gr and a Seca stadiometer with an accuracy of 0.5 cm, respectively; subsequently, BMI, as general obesity index, was computed as the body weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m) [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Familial Esophageal Cancer in Taihang Mountain, China: An Era of Personalized Medicine Based on Family and Population Perspective

“…It is not only a sign of a well-balanced diet but also negatively correlated with many diseases. A study has shown that lower consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is a risk factor for ESCA, while modifying the nutritional model can effectively reduce the prevalence of ESCA 41 . Scientists from the National Cancer Institute and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences jointly launched a nutritional intervention experiment in the Taihang Mountain areas to reduce the incidence and mortality of ESCA.…”

“…It is not only a sign of a well-balanced diet but also negatively correlated with many diseases. A study has shown that lower consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is a risk factor for ESCA, while modifying the nutritional model can effectively reduce the prevalence of ESCA 41 Beneficial effects can still be observed 10 years after stopping the supplement 42 . The above illustrated the importance of vitamin supplementation for the occurrence and development of ESCA and provided ideas for the prevention and treatment of ESCA.…”