Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Propolis Against Sub-Chronic Diazinon Induced Hepatotoxicity

Abstract

Nowadays, the puplic health faces a major proplem of increased pesticides use with appearing of various side effects. One of the most commonly used is diazinon. It exerts its effects on variable tissues and cells including hepatocytes. This work aimed to study the tendency of diazinon to cause hepatic affection in rats and study the possible propolis protective role. We used 30 rats, divided into 4 groups; group Ia (-ve control); group Ib (+ve control, corn oil group); group II (propolis group; 400mg /kg/day orally); group III (diazinon 20 mg/kg/day orally); group IV (diazinon 20mg/kg/day + propolis 400mg /kg/day orally) for 8 weeks. We studied biochemical parameters: serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST), tissue oxidative stress markers (hepatic MDA, hepatic catalase and hepatic GPx activities). Liver will be examined by light microscope to evaluate histopathological changes and immunohistochemical reaction to caspase 3 to predict apoptosis. Results indicated: Significant increase in the serum levels of the ALT and AST as well as hepatic MDA of diazinon treated rats compared to control group, whereas both hepatic catalase and GPx activities were significantly decreased these results had significantly improved in both propolis and diazinon group. Light microscopic examination revealed disruption in hepatic histoarchitecture in diazinon group unlike that in group III which returned near normal; while immunohistochemical staining showed many positive reacted cells to active caspase 3 in diazinon group which became few in group III near to control. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that diazinon may have hepatotoxic effects which can be protected by co-administration of propolis in adult rats. Further studies about diazinon effect on liver and about propolis role in hepatoprotection are recommended.

Influence of Brazilian red propolis polymeric nanoparticles in haematology, renal, and hepatic evaluations in dogs

“…Serum ALP is used primarily as a biochemical marker of hepatic disease and bone activity, such as bone growth or osteosarcoma (Ochi et al, 2013). In this study, ALP reduction was observed over time, a significant difference in T3, which may indicate a beneficial action for the liver, as reported in a study that verified a propolis protective role in the tendency of diazinon to cause hepatic affection in rats (Mahmoud, Shalaby, 2018) and the hepatoprotective effect of red propolis by the induction of chronic experimental hepatic lesions in rodents (Silva et al,2019). However, these results should be studied further because ALP is known to distribute in various tissues, including the liver, bone, intestine, kidneys, mammary glands, and placenta (Ochi et al, 2013).…”

Evaluation of the effects of the black mulberry extract against Diazinon induced hepatotoxicity in albino wistar rats.

“…Diazinon induces histological alterations in the liver by lowering the capacity of antioxidant systems and increasing the levels of free radicals 17 . Research done by Mahmoud et al revealed that inhalation of Diazinon by male Wistar rats in their study increased the apoptosis in the developing hepatocytes 12 .…”

“…Morus nigra is a rich amalgam of polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which exert strong antioxidant activity. With the antioxidant properties, Morus nigra causes a protective action against the oxidative damage to the biomolecules as well as membranes resulting from the free radicals 11,12 . Flavonoids in Morus nigra exhibit a wide range of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-radiation properties and have a protective action against oxidative damage and hepatoprotective effects 13 .…”

Ameliorative Effect of Thymoquinone and Thymoquinone Nanoparticles against Diazinon-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats: A Possible Protection Mechanism

“…The pervasive use of pesticides in agriculture significantly contributes to environmental pollution due to residual contamination. In particular, insecticides from the organophosphorus class are among the most frequently utilized [ 1 ]. Diazinon (DZN) is a highly popular organophosphate pesticide.…”