Evaluation of Hydrogels Based on Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid for Bioprinting

Abstract

In this study, we evaluate hydrogels based on oxidized hyaluronic acid, cross-linked with adipic acid dihydrazide, for their suitability as bioinks for 3D bioprinting. Aldehyde containing hyaluronic acid (AHA) is synthesized and cross-linked via Schiff Base chemistry with bifunctional adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) to form a mechanically stable hydrogel with good printability. Mechanical and rheological properties of the printed and casted hydrogels are tunable depending on the concentrations of AHA and ADH cross-linkers.

Differential Responses to Bioink-Induced Oxidative Stress in Endothelial Cells and Fibroblasts

“…One strategy to overcome these limitations is a modification of the pristine alginate to obtain its oxidized product alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) [ 12 ], which is then subsequently crosslinked with gelatin (GEL) in order to improve cell adhesiveness and to control the biodegradability, hydrolytic properties, as well as shape fidelity of 3D printed structures, which can be achieved by changing the content of ADA and GEL and the extent of alginate oxidation [ 10 ]. This strategy of dynamic chemical crosslinking by Schiff base chemistry represents one of the current trends reported in the literature and has also been used with other natural materials [ 13 , 14 ]. ADA with different GEL contents has been reported to have advantages in several biomedical applications such as wound dressing [ 15 ], improvement of cartilage tissue formation [ 16 ], development of cell adhesive surfaces [ 17 ] and as injectable cell delivery vehicle for adipose tissue engineering [ 18 ].…”

Appreciating the First Line of the Human Innate Immune Defense: A Strategy to Model and Alleviate the Neutrophil Elastase‐Mediated Attack toward Bioactivated Biomaterials

“…It is well-known that the Schiff Base chemistry is reversible in water with a constant equilibrium of free and bound polymer chains leading to permanent loss of polymer chains. [33] Therefore, it was assumed that the hydrogel would also swell and dissolve under hypotonic conditions, albeit over a more extended time period compared to pure water. In detail, directly after preparation, the hydrogel exhibited a dense network in the nanometer range ( Figure 3; up to 24 h) that swelled within the next two days with increasing porosity (Figure 3; 72 h) and subsequently revealed the embedded solution electrospun mesh (Figure 3; 96 h).…”

Gels in Medicine and Surgery: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

“…Hyaluronic acid gel injections are used together with collagen protein injections in surgery and cosmetic dermatology to eliminate wrinkles and prevent skin aging. In otological surgery, hyaluronic acid is used as a regenerator of perforated tympanic membranes, in ophthalmic surgery for the production of artificial tears and operations on the vitreous body of the eye, in arthrology as an anti-inflammatory lubricant and preservative of the synovial fluid of the joints [ 12 , 13 ]. An alternative is represented by the agarose gel.…”