Evaluation of Hypoglycaemic, Hypolipidaemic and Non Toxic Effect of Hydro-Methanolic Extracts of Ziziphus Mauritiana, Ziziphus Spina Christi Fruit and Glibenclamide on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

The use of plant products in the management of diabetes has gained ground in pharmacotherapy. It becomes imperative to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of fruit extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana (HMZM), Ziziphus spina christi (HMZS) and Glibenclamide on blood glucose, total protein, albumin and lipid profile in alloxan induced diabetic rats. 68 albino rats weighing 70-130g were used in this study. 26 rats were used for acute toxicities of Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina christi. 42 rats of 7 groups of 6 rats each were used to test antidiabetic effects of Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina christi plant extracts. Group 1 served as the negative control, groups 2-7 were intraperitoneally administered 360mg/kg of alloxan in normal saline respectively. Group 2 served as positive control, groups 3 and 4; 5 and 6 were respectively administered daily dose of 200 and 400mg/kg of HMZM and HMZS, group 7 was administered 0.21mg/kg of glibenclamide. Results showed Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina christi non toxic at dose of 5000mg/kg. 48 hours after alloxan administration, blood glucose levels were found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) in groups 2-7 compared to group 1, thus confirming induction of diabetes. In groups 3-7, on 7 th and 14 th days of administration of extracts and Glibenclamide, there was a significantly lower (p<0.05) serum glucose, triacylglycerol, High density Lipoprotein, Low density lipoprotein and significantly higher (P > 0.05) serum level of total protein and albumin compared to group 2. The results obtained showed a significantly lower (P < 0.05) serum level of glucose. The effects of HMZM and HMZS fruit extracts on blood glucose, total protein, albumin and lipid profile was dose dependent. Conclusively, this study has demonstrated the antidiabetic effects of HMZM and HMZS with HMZS having a more pronounced effect on Blood glucose and lipid profile.

Toxicity evaluation of Ziziphus spina-christi fruit on Wistar rats

“…No animal died during the observation and no gross change in morphology was seen on all the major organs. This finding is in agreement with that of Abubakar et al 29 who measured the LD 50 of the hydro-methanol extract of the fruit at a concentration of 5000 mg/kg 29 . They recorded zero toxicity, and no pathological changes on any major organ were seen with the naked eye.…”

Characterization of pharmacological properties of methanolic seed and stem bark extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana (BAU Kul) using in-vitro and in-vivo animal (Swiss albino male mice) model

“…In this study, no mortality showed even at a maximum dose up to 4000 mg/kg body weight for both extracts. This observation is agreed with who assessed acute and sub-acute toxicity of hydro-alcoholic fruit extracts of this plant using higher dose 5000 mg/kg and they reported no behavioural changes and no mortality was observed in rats [38]. There are rare reports on chemical composition on the different parts of Z. mauritiana.…”

“…The fruit extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana was found effective in reducing both hyperlipidemia and hypoglycaemia accompanying diabetes on alloxan induced diabetic rats. The most effective dose was 400 mg/kg body weight [38]. The aqueous extract and the non-polysaccharide fraction of the aqueous extract were found to exhibit significant antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic activities.…”

Cholesterol and Its Implications- A Review

“…Risk factors linked with hypercholesterolaemia include hyperglycaemia, obesity (uncontrollable weight gain due to excessive fat deposit) and ketonaemia. When there is relative or complete insulin deficiency in circulation or insulin resistance due to total or selective destruction of pancreatic β-islet cells of langerhans which subsequently results in diabetes 20 . Over production of acetyl CoA occurs that tend to bypass citric acid cycle resulting from high levels of triacylglycerol since fatty acids are mobilized from the adipose tissue to meet the need of energy.…”

“…Similarly, in a diabetic rat model induced by alloxan, the extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana, Ziziphus spina christi fruit were evaluated for their blood glucose and serum lipid reducing ability. It was shown that these fruits are safe and could be employed to treat and manage diabetes 35 . In a systematic review study, on the lipid reducing effects of herbs and their interactions with statins, anti-hypercholesterolaemia group of chemotherapy; it was revealed that independent use of several herbs with different pathways reduced serum lipid profile.…”