“…From all of the studies reported, the administration of these cytokines induce protection against salmonellae within 24 h (McGruder et al, 1993(McGruder et al, , 1995aTellez et al, 1993;Kogut et al, 1996). Moreover, the protection conferred by the cytokines lasts only 5 to 10 days (McGruder et al, 1995a;Kogut et al, 1996;Genovese et al, 2000). Mechanistically, protection was associated with an enhanced inflammatory response characterized by: (a) a dramatic granulopoiesis with a resultant peripheral blood heterophilia (Kogut et al, 1994b), (b) a potentiatio n of the biological functions of the circulating heterophils including adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing (Kogut et al, 1995;Moyes et al, 1998), (c) a directed influx of these activated heterophils to the site of bacterial invasion Kogut et al, 1994a), and (d) a direct correlation between the number of peripheral blood heterophils or peritoneal heterophils and protection against SE organ invasion and SEinduced mortality, respectively (Kogut et al, 1994b(Kogut et al, , 1995.…”