Evaluation of <i>Salmonella</i> Movement Through the Gut of the Lesser Mealworm, <i>Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)</i>

Zheng, Longyu; Crippen, Tawni L.; Sheffield, Cynthia L.; Poole, Toni L.; Zhou, Yu; Tomberlin, J. K.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2011.0613

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…; Zheng et al . ). Recently, the use of GFP‐tagged marker bacteria has elucidated the mechanisms involved in the vectoring and transmission of Salmonella and subsequently the infection of poultry flocks within poultry production facilities (Crippen et al .…”

Section: Public Health Concerns – Safety Issuesmentioning

confidence: 97%

The lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus: a noxious pest or a promising nutrient source?

Rumbos

Karapanagiotidis

Mente

et al. 2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is one of the most common insect pests in commercial poultry farms, where it reproduces within the litter floor, feeding on poultry manure, spilled feed and other organic material. It can also infest, feed and reproduce on stored grains and related amylaceous commodities. Its significance is related mostly with the fact that it serves as reservoir and vector for many pathogens that cause serious diseases, such as Salmonella, Escherichia and various viruses. Recently, A. diaperinus attracted a lot attention as it was listed in the EU Regulation 2017/893 among the insect species that are allowed to be used for the production of insect meal as aquafeed ingredient, changing our perspective on this insect from a noxious pest to a potential nutrient source. This is the first review on A. diaperinus summarizing the significant recent findings in its biology and control. Moreover, this review aims to provide a helpful tool for aquaculture scientists working with A. diaperinus as aquafeed ingredient. Therefore, we gather and highlight the available data that classify A. diaperinus as a promising insect-based protein provider and we comment and discuss on the public concerns that arise from its utilization as feed.

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Section: Public Health Concerns – Safety Issuesmentioning

confidence: 97%

The lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus: a noxious pest or a promising nutrient source?

Rumbos

Karapanagiotidis

Mente

et al. 2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although unintentional, the dissemination of pathogens may be facilitated by these practices, as well as the retention of pathogens between flock rotations, because of the pervasive presence of this arthropod. The spatial and temporal dispersal of Salmonella at these facilities has been established primarily in laboratory studies or by indirect field observations (Crippen et al., , ; Davies & Wray, ; Harein, de las Casas, Pomeroy, & York, ; McAllister, Steelman, & Skeeles, ; Roche et al., ; Zheng et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of Salmonella remaining in and on the LMB after shedding did not significantly change over 24 hr indicating maintenance of the Salmonella load. As we know that the mean gut transit time of Salmonella in the LMB is 3–5 hr, it indicates the likelihood of recontamination of the LMB, as well as possibly transient colonization within the LMB and the possible perpetuation of Salmonella infection within the facilities (Crippen et al., ; Zheng et al., ). The LMB readily acquired Salmonella from the contaminated manure, and the transfer from manure to LMB was significant at a lower bacterial load (10 5 cfu/ml) than the transfer from LMB to manure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We know that arthropods have contact with and acquire bacteria from a variety of urban settings (Levine & Levine, ), such as hospitals (Fotedar, Banerjee, Samantray, & Shriniwas, ; Fotedar, Banerjee, Singh, Shriniwas, & Verma, ; Salehzadeh, Tavacol, & Mahjub, ) schools (Kobayashi et al., ) and restaurants (Macovei, Miles, & Zurek, ; Pava‐Ripoll, Pearson, Miller, & Ziobro, ); as well as agricultural settings, such as crops (Talley et al., ; Wasala, Talley, Desilva, Fletcher, & Wayadande, ) and food animals (Ahmad, Nagaraja, & Zurek, ; Alam & Zurek, ; Zurek & Ghosh, ; Zurek & Schal, ). We know that arthropods ingest, carry and excrete bacteria (Crippen, Sheffield, Esquivel, Droleskey, & Esquivel, ; Kobayashi et al., ); and we know that pathogenic bacteria may transiently colonize the gut and persist through metamorphosis of the arthropod (Crippen et al., ; Zheng et al., ). However, we do not know the extent to which this occurs in the environment and its obligatory bacterial concentration threshold level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The horizontal transfer of Salmonella between the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) and poultry manure

Crippen

Sheffield

Beier

et al. 2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

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There is need to determine the nature of enduring reservoirs of Salmonella contributing to perpetual contamination within poultry flocks. The dispersal of Salmonella between birds, litter and the lesser mealworm has been established, but the extent that these act as critical components in the epidemiology of Salmonella infection during broiler grow-out and flock rotation has not been delineated; in particular, the level of participation by the lesser mealworm beetles (LMB) as agents of retention and dispersal. This study defines this route of transmission and provides empirical data on bacterial loads that facilitate Salmonella transfer. Results showed differential Salmonella transfer dependent on bacterial concentration. At 10 cfu/ml, only a small, but not significant, amount of Salmonella was transferred, from the LMB to the manure and back to uninfected LMB; while from 10 to 10 cfu/ml, a significant acquisition and transfer occurred both internally and externally to the LMB over 4 and 24 hr exposures. These data will be used in correlation with facility management practices to develop intervention strategies to mitigate the establishment and spreading of reservoir Salmonella populations contributing to pre-harvest contamination of poultry flocks.

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“…However, the harsh conditions encountered in the insect midgut (such as extreme pH, presence of digestive enzymes, redox potential, and ionic strength) and the activation of defense mechanisms in response to foreign organisms normally inhibit the establishment and survival of ingested microorganisms (25,26). Previous studies have shown successful gut migration of S. enterica in synanthropic and coprophagic insects (27)(28)(29). However, the fates of ingested bacteria varied significantly among species of insects, indicating that only certain species offer favorable conditions that allow movement and retention of S. enterica in the alimentary canal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of prgH on the Persistence of Ingested Salmonella enterica in the Leafhopper Macrosteles quadrilineatus

Dundore‐Arias

Groves

Barak

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Phytophagous insects can encounter Salmonella enterica on contaminated plant surfaces and transmit externally adhered and internalized bacteria on and among leaves. Excretion of ingested S. enterica by the leafhopper Macrosteles quadrilineatus has been previously reported; however, the sites of persistence of ingested bacteria remain undetermined. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence and persistence of S. enterica in various organs of M. quadrilineatus fed an inoculated diet for 12 h and then moved to two consecutive noninoculated diets for a total of 48 h. Ingested S. enterica was predominantly observed in the filter chamber, midgut, and Malpighian tubules of M. quadrilineatus dissected immediately after acquisition and at 24-and 48-h post-acquisition access periods (post-AAPs). Additionally, we examined the potential roles of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) and SPI-2 type III secretion systems (T3SSs) in the persistence and excretion of ingested S. enterica. In competition assays, a prgH mutant lacking a functional SPI-1 T3SS was recovered at significantly lower levels than the WT in insect homogenates at 24 h post-AAP, and complementation with prgH restored S. enterica persistence in M. quadrilineatus. Moreover, expression of prgH inside M. quadrilineatus was observed up to 48 post-AAP. No differences were observed between the WT and an ssaK mutant lacking a functional SPI-2 T3SS in insect homogenates or between the WT and either mutant in insect excretions. This study provides novel insight into the presence and persistence of S. enterica inside M. quadrilineatus and demonstrates that the SPI-1 T3SS influences the persistence of the pathogen in the gut of a potential vector. Salmonella enterica is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the United States (1). In the last few decades, salmonellosis outbreaks attributed to S. enterica-contaminated fresh produce have increased, and produce is now considered the most likely vehicle of disease transmission (2). Plant contamination with S. enterica is thought to primarily occur in the field before harvest, and the pathogen has the ability to adhere, colonize, and persist in and on plant surfaces, in some cases for extended periods (3, 4). Domestic and wild animals represent one of the main entry routes for S. enterica to produce fields, where they can directly introduce the bacterial pathogens to plants or agricultural water through excretion of contaminated waste (3). Additionally, synanthropic and coprophagic insects can introduce human bacterial pathogens to produce fields by dispersing bacteria associated with their exoskeletons onto plant surfaces (5). These events increase the chances that phytophagous insects could encounter a human enteric pathogen as a result of feeding or wandering on contaminated plant surfaces. The abundance and distribution of phytophagous insects within agricultural fields suggest that their contamination could influence the dispersal of enteric pathogens in the field (6).The aster leafhopper, Macro...

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Evaluation of Salmonella Movement Through the Gut of the Lesser Mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

The lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus: a noxious pest or a promising nutrient source?

The lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus: a noxious pest or a promising nutrient source?

The horizontal transfer of Salmonella between the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) and poultry manure

Influence of prgH on the Persistence of Ingested Salmonella enterica in the Leafhopper Macrosteles quadrilineatus

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