Evaluation of IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ Levels in PatientsWith Breast Cancer

Borj, Mina Rohani; Andalib, Ali; Mohammadi, Abbas; Hoseiniharouni, Seyed Mojtba; Pourghadamyari, Hossein; Azizi, Hakim; Golmahammadi, Taghi; Ghahfarokhy, Kamran Moghaddas

doi:10.15171/ijbsm.2017.05

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A recent study showed that 12 weeks of yoga reduced TNF-α levels in breast cancer patients [ 27 ]. INF-γ was found to be higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy people in studies [ 28 ]. In many diseases, INF-γ concentration was reduced after yogic intervention [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Yogic Intervention Improves Symptomatic Scale and Quality of Life by Reducing Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy: A Randomized Control Study

Jain¹,

Mishra²,

Yadav³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Introduction: Inflammation has been associated with tumor proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer. Yoga is an ancient therapy that helps in reducing inflammation and improves the patient's quality of life (QoL) and fatigue. In the current study, we investigated the effects of long-term yogic intervention at different time points on the level of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, along with the symptomatic scale and QoL in stage II/III breast cancer patients.Methods: Ninety-six stage II/III breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were enrolled and divided into two groups, non-yoga (Group I) and yoga (Group II). Participants in Group II practiced yoga five days per week for 48 weeks. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ30) was used to measure the QoL and symptomatic scale. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and oxidative stress markers, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured at baseline, 16, 32, and 48 weeks in both groups.Results: Yoga significantly (p<0.05) reduced the level of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and MDA and improved QoL (p<0.001) and symptomatic scale (p<0.05) in Group II patients compared to Group I. NO was upregulated in Group I whereas in Group II, it was neither decreased nor increased.Conclusion: These findings suggest that yoga may reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines and improve QoL and symptomatic scale in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Yoga can be an important additional therapy during cancer treatments to cope with treatment side effects including fatigue, depression, and immunological profile, which directly affects the patient's quality of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Yogic Intervention Improves Symptomatic Scale and Quality of Life by Reducing Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy: A Randomized Control Study

Jain¹,

Mishra²,

Yadav³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…In saliva, the content of cytokines varies ambiguously, but this is due to a greater extent of the heterogeneity of the group and requires a detailed analysis in more homogeneous subgroups. Since the published data on the content of cytokines in the saliva of patients with breast cancer are still scarce, the obtained results were compared with the corresponding indicators for blood [ 3 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For anti-inflammatory cytokines, there is a mutually opposite pattern of changes in the content in breast cancer. It is known that the level of IL-4 is higher in malignant tumors of the breast than in benign ones [ 50 ]. According to our data, the level of IL-4 in saliva remains almost constant both against the background of fibroadenomas and in breast cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Salivary Cytokines in Breast Cancer: Relationship with Clinicopathological Characteristics of the Tumor

Bel’skaya

Loginova

Sarf

2022

CIMB

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The aim of the work was to compare the salivary cytokine profile of breast cancer patients with the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumor. The study included 113 patients with breast cancer (main group, mean age 54.1 years) and 111 patients with breast fibroadenomas (control group, mean age 56.7 years). Before treatment, saliva samples were collected from all patients and the content of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, MCP-1, and TNF-α) was determined. The content of cytokines in saliva correlates well with the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. The level of all salivary cytokines increases at advanced stages of breast cancer and at a low degree of tumor differentiation. The exception is MCP-1, for which there is an extremely high content for well-differentiated breast cancer. A statistically significant increase in the content of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 was found in triple-negative breast cancer. For the first time, the correlation of salivary levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 with HER2 status, MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-4 with the hormonal status of the tumor was shown. The relationship between the level of IL-2, IL-10, and IL-18 in saliva with the level of Ki-67 expression has been established.

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“…In addition, IL-17A is a cytokine produced by Th17 cells and it is a proinflammatory cytokine in the breast tumor environment and correlate with poor prognosis (Cochaud et al 2013;Esquivel-Velázquez et al 2015). IL-4 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by T lymphocytes, which acts as a potent antitumor activity against various tumors (Nagai and Toi 2000;Borj et al 2017). Therefore, the over-expression of these cytokines in the infused animals by recombinant vector that were observed in this study confirms the correct function of this gene construct against breast tumor propagation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concurrent effects of azurin and Mammaglobin-A genes in inhibition of breast cancer progression and immune system stimulation in cancerous BALB/c mice

2019

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In the present study, the simultaneous application of azurin gene of P. aeruginosa and MAM-A antigen on the induction of immune responses against breast cancer tumors was investigated in BALB/c mice. The pBudCE4.1-azurin-MAM-A recombinant vector was generated and prepared at a large scale. This recombinant vector alone or combined with chitosan nanoparticles was infused into the hip muscle of animals. Animals were divided into the "prevention" and "therapy" categories. The animals of prevention category were first, immunized by a recombinant vector and then exposed to chemical cancer inducers; while the animals in the therapy category were first treated with chemical compounds and then infused by a recombinant plasmid. The tumor tissues, infusion sites, and blood specimens were collected and examined by serological, molecular, and histological tests. The breast tumor incidence in the infused animals by recombinant plasmid alone or combined with nanoparticles (in both prevention and therapy categories) compared with infused mice by empty pBudCE4.1 vector was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). These results were supported by histological studies using H&E staining. The ELISA and q-real-time PCR techniques showed the range of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-4, and IL-17A cytokines in the infused mice by recombinant vector alone or combined with nanoparticles compared to the healthy mice and infused animals by intact pBudCE4.1 were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Accordingly, the expression of the tumor markers CEA, Krt20, and Muc1 were significantly decreased in treated mice either by the sole recombinant vector or combined with nanoparticles (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that pBudCE4.1-azurin-MAM-A recombinant vector plays an essential role against the formation and expansion of breast tumors in the animal model. In addition, this recombinant vector is safe and has the proper ability to stimulate the immune system. In addition, the chitosan nanoparticle represents a promising adjuvant for DNA vaccine delivery, which improves the immune system stimulation and boosts the vaccine performance.

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Evaluation of IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ Levels in PatientsWith Breast Cancer

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Long-Term Yogic Intervention Improves Symptomatic Scale and Quality of Life by Reducing Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy: A Randomized Control Study

Long-Term Yogic Intervention Improves Symptomatic Scale and Quality of Life by Reducing Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy: A Randomized Control Study

Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Salivary Cytokines in Breast Cancer: Relationship with Clinicopathological Characteristics of the Tumor

The concurrent effects of azurin and Mammaglobin-A genes in inhibition of breast cancer progression and immune system stimulation in cancerous BALB/c mice

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