Evaluation of In-Situ Combustion Efficiency in Karazhanbas Oilfield, Western Kazakhstan (Russian)

Abishev, Aziz; Tokarev, V. D.; Sagyndikov, Marat

doi:10.2118/192553-ru

Cited by 3 publications

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Oxidation of Heavy Oil Using Oil-Dispersed Transition Metal Acetylacetonate Catalysts for Enhanced Oil Recovery

et al. 2021

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In this work, several transition metal-based acetylacetonates (Ni, Cu, and Fe) were prepared as oil-dispersed catalysts for heavy oil oxidation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Mössbauer spectroscopy were used for the characterization of catalysts. The effectivity of catalysts in the oxidation of heavy oil was investigated by a thermogravimetry method coupled with infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) at four different heating rates (4, 6, 8, and 10 °C/min) and self-designed porous medium thermo-effect cell (PMTEC) techniques. The activation energy calculations using three isoconversional methods, Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), and Friedman, were performed based on thermal analysis data. The results showed that the bidentate ligand acetylacetonate (acac) provided good enough distribution of catalysts in heavy oil because in the presence of Cu(acac)2, Fe(acac)3, and Ni(acac)2, the oxidation temperature decreased in both fuel deposition (FD) and high-temperature oxidation (HTO). The activation energy of FD and HTO districts showed that Cu(acac)2 more efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of heavy oil than Fe(acac)3 and Ni(acac)2. The usage of Cu(acac)2 helped decrease the average activation energy of the in situ combustion process from 177 to 117 kJ/mol, from 187 to 127 kJ/mol, and from 198 to 128 kJ/mol based on OFW, KAS, and Friedman methods, respectively. The in situ transformation of the catalysts in the presence of heavy oil was studied under different isothermal conditions. Based on XRD and SEM data at 400 °C, Cu(acac)2 and Ni(acac)2 were transformed to CuO and NiO nanoparticles as the active form of catalysts. For Fe(acac)3, it was found that at 400 °C, it transformed to magnetite (Fe3O4) species; however, at 500 °C, hematite (α-Fe2O3) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) were the most predominant species. The heavy oil oxidation using these low-cost and easy to prepare catalysts could be the best route for improving the efficiency of in situ combustion in field applications.

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Oxidation of Heavy Oil Using Oil-Dispersed Transition Metal Acetylacetonate Catalysts for Enhanced Oil Recovery

et al. 2021

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Effect of Different Water Content and Catalyst on the Performance of Heavy Oil Oxidation in Porous Media for In Situ Upgrading

Mehrabi-Kalajahi

Hadavimoghaddam

Varfolomeev

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Enhanced heavy oil recovery by in situ combustion (ISC) is still restricted as an attractive thermal method because of difficulties with ignition, inefficient combustion, and unstable combustion fronts. This study illustrates how different water contents and CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles coated with oleic acid (OA), individually and synergistically, can be used in heavy oil oxidation for enhanced oil recovery through ISC. By means of X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering, we characterized the synthesized bimetallic oxide catalysts with and without oleic acid as a capping agent. The size of the CoFe 2 O 4 and CoFe 2 O 4 @OA nanoparticles was evaluated by the ImageJ method in order to estimate the size distribution in different environments. The size−frequency analysis showed that the dimension of CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles in the presence of oleic acid as a capping agent due to uniformity and well distribution decreased to an average size of ∼20 nm. The oxidation of the heavy oil was studied by a self-designed thermo-effect cell containing a porous medium (PMTEC) and a laboratory-scale combustion tube. According to the results, the addition of 20% water content compared to 10% and 30% water content, and oil-dispersed CoFe 2 O 4 @OA compared to CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles led to a decrease in both low-temperature oxidation and high-temperature oxidation into lower temperatures through the reduction of energy barriers and the promotion of coke formation. The viscosity of recovered oil decreased from 2071 to 246 mPa•s after oxidation in porous media with a 20% water content and a CoFe 2 O 4 @OA catalyst. In addition, the SARA analysis showed that the oxidation of heavy oil in porous media with water content and catalyst reduced the heavy fractions such as resin and asphaltene contents from 20.9 and 5.9% to 9.7 and 2.5%, respectively, and increased the light fractions including saturate and aromatic contents from 28.7 and 44.3% to 41.3 and 46.5%, respectively. In addition, based on experimental data, a robust correlation was developed to predict oil viscosity using a genetic programming algorithm. The results showed that the developed method could predict oil viscosity with enough accuracy. On the basis of the viscosity reduction data, the combustion efficiency of heavy oil is in turn: heavy oil + CoFe 2 O 4 @OA > heavy oil + continued...

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Challenges and Potentials for Sand Control Design and Management in Oil Reservoirs of Kazakhstan

Soroush

Hosseini

Roostaei

et al. 2020

SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control

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Kazakhstan owns one of the largest global oil reserves (~3%). This paper aims at investigating the challenges and potentials for production from weakly-consolidated and unconsolidated oil sandstone reserves in Kazakhstan. We used the published information in the literature, especially those including comparative studies between Kazakhstan and North America. Weakly consolidated and unconsolidated oil reserves, in Kazakhstan, were studied in terms of the depth, pay-zone thickness, viscosity, particle size distribution, clay content, porosity, permeability, gas cap, bottom water, mineralogy, solution gas, oil saturation, and homogeneity of the pay zone. The previous and current experiences in developing these reserves were outlined. The stress condition was also discussed. Furthermore, geological condition, including the existing structures, layers and formations were addressed for different reserves. Weakly consolidated heavy oil reserves in shallow depths (less than 500 m) with oil viscosity around 500 cP and thin pay zones (less than 10 m) have been successfully produced using cold methods, however, thicker zones could be produced using thermal options. Sand management is the main challenge in cold operations, while sand control is the main challenge in thermal operations. Tectonic history is more critical in comparison to the similar cases in North America. The complicated tectonic history, necessitates the geomechanical models to strategize the sand control especially in cased and perforated completion. These models are usually avoided in North America due to the less problematic conditions. Further investigation has shown that Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) could be utilized to limit the water breakthrough, as water coning is a common problem, which initiates and intensifies the sanding. This paper provides a review on challenges and potentials for sand control and sand management in heavy oil reserves of Kazakhstan, which could be used as a guideline for service companies and operators. This paper could be also used as an initial step for further investigations regarding the sand control and sand management in Kazakhstan.

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Evaluation of In-Situ Combustion Efficiency in Karazhanbas Oilfield, Western Kazakhstan (Russian)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Oxidation of Heavy Oil Using Oil-Dispersed Transition Metal Acetylacetonate Catalysts for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Oxidation of Heavy Oil Using Oil-Dispersed Transition Metal Acetylacetonate Catalysts for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Effect of Different Water Content and Catalyst on the Performance of Heavy Oil Oxidation in Porous Media for In Situ Upgrading

Challenges and Potentials for Sand Control Design and Management in Oil Reservoirs of Kazakhstan

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