Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties of selected Siddha polyherbal decoctions

Rajalakshmi, Perumal; Vadivel, Vellingiri; Sriram, S.; Brindha, P.

doi:10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2072

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this toxicity study Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used to which different concentrations of the preparation were added. The studied sample was not toxic to PMBC at the selected concentration range which was also found to be advantageous for its anti atherogenic potential suggesting that the results of the current study are in concordance with literature [58]. The results of the current study showed that the Abies webbiana ethanolic extract based preparation of mouthwash possessed cytotoxic effect on nauplii and it was found that the nauplii alive was directly proportional to the concentrations except in the concentration of 40μl.…”

Section: Bar Graph With Error Bar Shows the Cytotoxic Activity Of Abi...supporting

confidence: 87%

Abies webbiana Ethanolic Extract Based Mouthwash and Its Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effect

Timothy

Nandhini

Varghese

et al. 2021

JPRI

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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of Abies webbiana ethanolic extract based preparation of mouthwash and to compare these effects between different concentrations. Background: Abies webbiana leaves have been used in traditional siddha and ayurveda systems of medicine for common ailments such as cough, loss of appetite, indigestion, mental disorders, rheumatism, bronchitis, pulmonary infection, asthma, antiseptic and decongestant. Abies webbiana commonly known as talispatra belongs to family Pinaceae. The plant is distributed throughout India, mostly in the Himalayan region from Kashmir to Assam states. Materials and Methods: The preparation of Abies webbiana extract was done and antimicrobial activity of Abies webbiana were tested with Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus through agar well diffusion method. Each bacterial culture was spread on the Luria-Bertani agar plates. Dried extract of Abies webbiana, dissolved in autoclave distilled water to make 25mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 100mg/mL. Incubated for 24 hours at 37o C and diameter of zone of inhibition were recorded in millimeter and compared with standard amoxicillin. Cytotoxic activity of Abies webbiana was assessed using brine shrimp lethality assay. A total of 10 nauplii were added into the three replicates of each concentration of the prepared extract. After the period of 24 hours the remaining brine shrimp were counted. Results: The results of the study revealed that the the Abies webbiana formulation based mouthwash is having significantly higher antimicrobial activity than the antibiotic against S. aureus at all the tested concentrations whereas against E. faecalis the antimicrobial effect was significantly lower than the antibiotic. Against S. mutans, higher concentrations of the mouthwash had the antimicrobial effect comparable to that of the antibiotic. The antimicrobial effect against C. albicans was very less for all the tested concentrations of the mouthwash and the antibiotic. This mouthwash also possessed cytotoxic effects on nauplii which were within normal limits and it was found that the nauplii alive was directly proportional to the concentrations except in the concentration of 40μl. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the current study, ethanolic extract of Abies webbiana based preparation of mouthwash shows the antimicrobial activity almost comparable to amoxicillin. It was also revealed that it possesses less cytotoxic effect against brine shrimp which are within normal limits.

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Section: Bar Graph With Error Bar Shows the Cytotoxic Activity Of Abi...supporting

confidence: 87%

Abies webbiana Ethanolic Extract Based Mouthwash and Its Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effect

Timothy

Nandhini

Varghese

et al. 2021

JPRI

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“…As such, the Siddha system of medicine had been in use for infectious diseases particularly for treating ammai noi ( pox viral infections ) and akki noi (herpes infections) diseases for more than thousands of years [ 28 ]. The herbs as indicated in several Siddha medicine-based formulations have been documented to have multiple effects including that of antiviral activity [ 29 ]. Some of these herbal constituents work directly on the therapeutic targets, while others potentially enhance the bioavailability or counteract drug toxicity of the medicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kabasura Kudineer (KSK), a poly-herbal Siddha medicine, reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load in asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals as compared to vitamin C and zinc supplementation: findings from a prospective, exploratory, open-labeled, comparative, randomized controlled trial, Tamil Nadu, India

Natarajan

Anbarasi

Sathiyarajeswaran

et al. 2021

Trials

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Introduction Despite several ongoing efforts in biomedicine and traditional medicine, there are no drugs or vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as of May 2020; Kabasura Kudineer (KSK), a polyherbal formulation from India’s Siddha system of medicine, has been traditionally used for clinical presentations similar to that of COVID-19. We explored the efficacy of KSK in reducing viral load and preventing the disease progression in asymptomatic, COVID-19 cases. Methods A prospective, single-center, open-labeled, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in a COVID Care Centre in Chennai, India. We recruited reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 of 18 to 55 years of age, without clinical symptoms and co-morbidities. They were randomized (1:1 ratio) to KSK (60 mL twice daily for 7 days) or standard of care (7 days supplementation of vitamin C 60,000 IU morning daily and zinc 100 mg evening daily) groups. The primary outcomes were reduction in the SARS-CoV-2 load [as measured by cyclic threshold (CT) value of RT-PCR], prevention of progression of asymptomatic to symptomatic state, and changes in the immunity markers including interleukins (IL-6, IL-10, IL-2), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF α). Siddha clinical assessment and the occurrence of adverse effects were documented as secondary outcomes. Paired t-test was used in statistical analysis. Results Viral load in terms of the CT value (RdRp: 95% CI = 1.89 to 5.74) declined significantly on the seventh day in the KSK group and that of the control group, more pronounced in the study group. None progressed to the symptomatic state. There was no significant difference in the biochemical parameters. We did not observe any changes in the Siddha-based clinical examination and adverse events in both groups. Conclusion KSK significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load among asymptomatic COVID-19 cases and did not record any adverse effect, indicating the use of KSK in the strategy against COVID-19. Larger, multi-centric trials can strengthen the current findings. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI2020/05/025215. Registered on 16 May 2020

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“…The ethnopharmacological actions of these fifteen ingredients demonstrated that KSK having anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-asthmatic, immunomodulatory, anti-diarrheal and anti-oxidant activities ( Thillaivanan et al, 2015 ). Recent studies on KSK showed its significant antiviral effect as well as its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 through the In-silico method, Immunomodulatory action, thrombolytic activity, antioxidant and anti-atherogenic activity method ( Shree Devi et al, 2021 ; Vincent et al, 2020 ; Sathiyarajeswaran et al, 2020 ; Rajalakshmi et al, 2020 ). In Silico computational screening, Molecular docking and Clinical studies on the anti-viral effects of phytoconstituents ( Table 1 ) present in KSK has been well established by various studies ( Kiran et al, 2020 ; Vincent et al, 2020 ; Maideen, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effect of Kaba Sura Kudineer (AYUSH approved COVID-19 drug)-A Siddha poly-herbal formulation against lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory response in RAW-264.7 macrophages cells

Jose

Ratheesh

Sheethal

et al. 2022

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Ethnopharmacological relevance . Medicinal importance and potential activity of Siddha herbal formulations have proved over several centuries against a wide range of causative agents as Influenza, Dengue, Chikungunya, and Tuberculosis. The traditional medicine system of Siddha is a valuable therapeutic approach for treating viral respiratory infections like Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can be effectively employed to target the host response and preventive care to boost the immune system. Kaba Sura Kudineer (KSK), an official polyherbal formulation has been used in Siddha traditional medicine for centuries. However, the role of KSK in regulating inflammation and the underlying molecular mechanisms has remained elusive. Aim of the study . The goal of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of KSK using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Materials and methods . Raw 264.7 murine macrophage cells were used for this study. The Inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The NF-κB nulcear translocation and protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 was analyzed with westernblot. Results . KSK supplementation decreased LPS mediated TLR-4 production and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines including IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2 and PGE-2. Moreover, it inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and thereby inhibited the expression of iNOS in the cell. The Western blot analysis further confirmed that KSK strongly prevented the LPS-induced degradation of IκB which is normally required for the activation of NF-κB and hereby suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-κB. The protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 was significantly decreased with the presence of KSK treatment. Results suggested that KSK manipulates its anti-inflammatory effects mainly through blocking the TLR mediated NF-κB signal transduction pathways. Conclusions . Together, this study has proven that KSK could be a potential therapeutic drug for alleviating excessive inflammation in many inflammation-associated diseases like COVID-19.

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Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties of selected Siddha polyherbal decoctions

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Abies webbiana Ethanolic Extract Based Mouthwash and Its Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effect

Abies webbiana Ethanolic Extract Based Mouthwash and Its Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effect

Kabasura Kudineer (KSK), a poly-herbal Siddha medicine, reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load in asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals as compared to vitamin C and zinc supplementation: findings from a prospective, exploratory, open-labeled, comparative, randomized controlled trial, Tamil Nadu, India

Anti-inflammatory effect of Kaba Sura Kudineer (AYUSH approved COVID-19 drug)-A Siddha poly-herbal formulation against lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory response in RAW-264.7 macrophages cells

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