Evaluation of inactivation methods for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in noncellular blood products

Abstract

Heat, UVC irradiation, and S/D treatments effectively inactivate SARS-CoV, whereas octanoic acid treatment is insufficient for inactivation of the virus.

Coronavirus Disease 2019: Coronaviruses and Blood Safety

“…The infectious titer of virus did not show any significant reduction after 25 cycles of thawing and freezing [44]. After the outbreak of SARS and MERS, a few studies investigated pathogen inactivation/reduction technologies (PRTs) based on in-house or commercial methods with the aim to decrease or completely eradicate the potential risk of transmission of coronaviruses via blood products or blood derivatives [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. These studies are summarized in Table 1.…”

Emerging investigators series: the source and fate of pandemic viruses in the urban water cycle

“…31 In general, enveloped viruses are more susceptible to common drinking water disinfectants than non-enveloped viruses. 103 Chlorination readily inactivated influenza in aqueous samples. 31 Low pathogenicity influenza H5N2, a surrogate for high pathogenicity influenza H5N1, was also very susceptible to UV.…”

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

“…Disinfection of waste systems, elimination of rodents and cockroaches, and care in garbage disposal are all considered important in preventing infection. 5,[43][44][45][46][47] Standard disinfectants or detergent disinfectants approved by the Environmental Protection Agency are recommended for decontamination (see Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -public health guidance for community-level preparedness and response to severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]. Version 2.…”

“…124 Viral inactivating methods and agents are listed in Table 3. [43][44][45][46] Immunity to SARS-CoV has been achieved in animal models by the induction of neutralizing antibodies using live-attenuated vaccinia virus Ankara expressing S glycoprotein vaccine, recombinant spike protein polypeptide vaccine (generated in Escherichia coli with spike polypeptide DNA), adenoviral-based (expressing either N or S proteins) virus, recombinant baculovirus, Newcastle disease virus, attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus expressing S protein, attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and serovar Typhimurium, S protein on Lactobacillus casei, rhabdovirus-based vaccines, attenuated parainfluenza virus expressing S protein, and inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine, among others. 6,21,[125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137] Comprehensive reviews of vaccine development are referenced.…”

“…140 The use of 2 noncompeting hmAbs may allow for the use of lower doses as the result of synergy, and prevent the emergence of resistant mutants. 141 [43][44][45][46] Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome…”