Evaluation of Insect Growth Regulators Against Field-Collected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Malaysia

Both Aedes aegytpi and Ae. albopictus are major vectors of 5 important arboviruses (namely chikungunya virus, dengue virus, Rift Valley fever virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus), making these mosquitoes an important factor in the worldwide burden of infectious disease. Vector control using insecticides coupled with larval source reduction is critical to control the transmission of these viruses to humans but is threatened by the emergence of insecticide resistance. Here, we review the available evidence for the geographical distribution of insecticide resistance in these 2 major vectors worldwide and map the data collated for the 4 main classes of neurotoxic insecticide (carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, and pyrethroids). Emerging resistance to all 4 of these insecticide classes has been detected in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Target-site mutations and increased insecticide detoxification have both been linked to resistance in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus but more work is required to further elucidate metabolic mechanisms and develop robust diagnostic assays. Geographical distributions are provided for the mechanisms that have been shown to be important to date. Estimating insecticide resistance in unsampled locations is hampered by a lack of standardisation in the diagnostic tools used and by a lack of data in a number of regions for both resistance phenotypes and genotypes. The need for increased sampling using standard methods is critical to tackle the issue of emerging insecticide resistance threatening human health. Specifically, diagnostic doses and well-characterised susceptible strains are needed for the full range of insecticides used to control Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to standardise measurement of the resistant phenotype, and calibrated diagnostic assays are needed for the major mechanisms of resistance.

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“…aegypti and Ae . albopictus populations from 12 states in Malaysia displayed variable levels of resistance to 5 IGRs [75]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary status of insecticide resistance in the major Aedes vectors of arboviruses infecting humans

et al. 2017

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“…aegypti exhibited moderate resistance toward Methoprene and low resistance toward Pyriproxyfen, with resistance ratios of 12.7 and 1.4, respectively, but susceptibility to Diflubenzuron. 24 In this study, comparing the larvicidal activity of Methoprene with Diflubenzuron and Temephos (Table 1 and 2) it can be inferred that Methoprene is more effective against Ae. aegypti and can be used as an alternative larvicide in the areas where the low efficacy of Diflubenzuron and high resistance to organophosphate compounds have been detected.…”

Section: Larval Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 68%

“…21 In Malaysia, Aedes larvae tolerance against temephos has been reported and have exhibited moderate resistance toward methoprene and low resistance toward pyriproxyfen 22,23 , but susceptible to diflubenzuron, cyromazine, and novaluron. 24 During the past two decades, considerable progress has been made in the development of natural and synthetic compounds known as insect growth regulators (IGRs) which are capable of interfering with the process of growth, development, and metamorphosis of the target mosquito species. Two types of IGRs are available, one which inhibit the growth of larvae (Methoprene and Pyriproxyfen) due to juvenile hormone-like action and known as JH mimics or analogs and the other type of IGR compound (Diflubenzuron) which interferes with chitin production leading to moulting disturbances, resulting in the death of the insect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Status of Aedes aegypti to Insecticides in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia

Alsheikh¹,

Mohammed²,

Noureldin³

et al. 2016

Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia

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The present study was designed to provide information on the susceptibility status of the adult and larvae of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Bioassay tests were performed on adults and larvae by using WHO recommended concentrations and test kits. Adults of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were exposed to test papers impregnated with Lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%), Cyfluthrin (0.15%), Deltamethrin (0.05%), Permethrin (0.75%), Fenitrothion (1%), Bendiocarb (0.1%) and DDT (4%) insecticides. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were found to be susceptible only to Cyfluthrin; (mortality rate was 100 %), whereas variable resistances were observed from the rest of the other insecticides tested (mortality rates ranged between 93.6 and 17%).

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“…There are number of IGRs such as, diflubenzuron, endotoxins, and methoprene that have been used to counter viral infections spread by A. aegypti (Abbas et al, 2014). According to Lau et al, field population of vector species develops resistance to certain IGRs; and in their study, they found that cyromazine showed effective results in attenuating larval population indices of A. aegypti (Lau et al, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and Control Strategies to Counter Dengue Virus Infection

Rather

Parray

Lone

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Dengue is currently the highest and rapidly spreading vector-borne viral disease, which can lead to mortality in its severe form. The globally endemic dengue poses as a public health and economic challenge that has been attempted to suppress though application of various prevention and control techniques. Therefore, broad spectrum techniques, that are efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable, are proposed and practiced in dengue-endemic regions. The development of vaccines and immunotherapies have introduced a new dimension for effective dengue control and prevention. Thus, the present study focuses on the preventive and control strategies that are currently employed to counter dengue. While traditional control strategies bring temporary sustainability alone, implementation of novel biotechnological interventions, such as sterile insect technique, paratransgenesis, and production of genetically modified vectors, has improved the efficacy of the traditional strategies. Although a large-scale vector control strategy can be limited, innovative vaccine candidates have provided evidence for promising dengue prevention measures. The use of tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) has been the most effective so far in treating dengue infections. Nonetheless, challenges and limitation hinder the progress of developing integrated intervention methods and vaccines; while the improvement in the latest techniques and vaccine formulation continues, one can hope for a future without the threat of dengue virus.

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Evaluation of Insect Growth Regulators Against Field-Collected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Malaysia

Cited by 67 publications

References 18 publications

Contemporary status of insecticide resistance in the major Aedes vectors of arboviruses infecting humans

Contemporary status of insecticide resistance in the major Aedes vectors of arboviruses infecting humans

Resistance Status of Aedes aegypti to Insecticides in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia

Prevention and Control Strategies to Counter Dengue Virus Infection

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