Resistance Status of Aedes aegypti to Insecticides in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia

Alsheikh, Adel A.; Mohammed, W. S.; Noureldin, Elsiddig; Daffalla, Ommer; Shrwani, Khalid; Hobani, Yahya Hasan; Alsheikh, F. A.; Alzahrani, Mohammed; BinSaeed, Abdulaziz A.

doi:10.13005/bbra/2018

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…aegypti population genetic structure. In common with previous reports from Jazan province [11], Makkah and Jeddah strains showed high resistance to carbamate (benidocarb), but mortality following exposure to the organophosphate fenitrothion was only slightly reduced.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…aegypti has now been detected around the globe with reports from Brazil, Mexico, Thailand, China, Grand Cayman, Latin America, Indonesia and Malaysia [26]. Reports of resistance from the Middle-Eastern region involve studies from the Ibb region of Yemen [36], from Jazan in Saudi Arabia [11] approximately 500 km north, and from Makkah [10], a further 700 km north. WHO bioassay results in each case were similar, with mortalities ranging from 75–93% to different pyrethroids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information on the insecticide resistance status of Saudi Arabian populations of Ae. aegypti remains limited [10, 11], and is absent for Jeddah, the primary national centre for dengue.

Fig. 1Dengue fever cases in cities of Saudi Arabia from 2013–2015 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined target site (kdr) mutations play a primary role in highly pyrethroid resistant phenotypes of Aedes aegypti from Saudi Arabia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPyrethroid resistance is a threat to effective vector control of Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, Zika and other arboviruses, but there are many major knowledge gaps on the mechanisms of resistance. In Jeddah and Makkah, the principal dengue-endemic areas of Saudi Arabia, pyrethroids are used widely for Ae. aegypti control but information about resistance remains sparse, and the underlying genetic basis is unknown. Findings from an ongoing study in this internationally significant area are reported here.Methods Aedes aegypti collected from each city were raised to adults and assayed for resistance to permethrin, deltamethrin (with and without the synergist piperonyl butoxide, PBO), fenitrothion, and bendiocarb. Two fragments of the voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc), encompassing four previously identified mutation sites, were sequenced and subsequently genotyped to determine associations with resistance. Expression of five candidate genes (CYP9J10, CYP9J28, CYP9J32, CYP9M6, ABCB4) previously associated with pyrethroid resistance was compared between assay survivors and controls.ResultsJeddah and Makkah populations exhibited resistance to multiple insecticides and a similarly high prevalence of resistance to deltamethrin compared to a resistant Cayman strain, with a significant influence of age and exposure duration on survival. PBO pre-exposure increased pyrethroid mortality significantly in the Jeddah, but not the Makkah strain. Three potentially interacting Vgsc mutations were detected: V1016G and S989P were in perfect linkage disequilibrium in each strain and strongly predicted survival, especially in the Makkah strain, but were in negative linkage disequilibrium with 1534C, though some females with the Vgsc triple mutation were detected. The candidate gene CYP9J28 was significantly over-expressed in Jeddah compared to two susceptible reference strains, but none of the candidate genes was consistently up-regulated to a significant level in the Makkah strain.ConclusionsDespite their proximity, Makkah and Jeddah exhibit significant differences in pyrethroid resistance phenotypes, with some evidence to suggest a different balance of mechanisms, for example with more impact associated with CYP450s in the Jeddah strain, and the dual kdr mutations 989P and 1016G in the more resistant Makkah strain. The results overall demonstrate a major role for paired target site mutations in pyrethroid resistance and highlight their utility for diagnostic monitoring.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2096-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined target site (kdr) mutations play a primary role in highly pyrethroid resistant phenotypes of Aedes aegypti from Saudi Arabia

et al. 2017

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“…aegypti to cyfluthrin was100%. Similar findings were obtained in a previous study from the Jazan region (15). However, our finding was greater than that previously reported from Mecca (90%) (16).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Few studies have been reported on the resistance status of Ae. aegypti to insecticides in Saudi Arabia (15)(16)(17). Furthermore, studies on mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids in Ae.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Knockdown resistance mutations contributing to pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti population, Saudi Arabia

Dafalla¹,

Alsheikh²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2019

East Mediterr Health J

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Background: Dengue is endemic in Saudi Arabia especially in Jeddah, Makkah, Asir, and Jazan areas where pyrethroids are widely used to control the vector, Aedes aegypti. Resistance of Ae. aegypti to pyrethroid insecticides has been reported from most of these areas. Aims: The present study was carried out in Jazan region in southwest Saudi Arabia to explore the resistance status of Ae. aegypti to pyrethroids and the consequent underlying mechanisms. Methods: Three pyrethroids (permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and cyfluthrin) were used to investigate the resistance status of Ae. aegypti adults following World Health Organization (WHO) standard methods: PCR and sequencing techniques were used to detect the S989P, V1016G and F1534C kdr mutations. Results: Ae. aegypti populations were susceptible to cyfluthrin and having a possibility of resistance to permethrin while resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin. Three potential kdr mutations were detected for the first time in Ae. aegypti population, F1534C, V106G, and S989P. It was found that F1534C often co-exists with V1016G and this haplotype was strongly associated with permethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin resistance. On the other hand, S989P mutation was detected as RR in 18.8% with a low-frequency rate (R) of 18.8%, and in 55.5% as R with 58.3% frequency rate in permethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant female mosquitoes, respectively. Conclusions: Early detection of resistance alleles should be considered the essential tool for the successful implementation of insecticide resistance management strategies by providing early warning of insect resistance.

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Impact of Bio-geo-ecological Determinants on the Current and Future Mosquito Fauna in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Emerging Innovative Bio-computational Opportunities

Almalki,

Karunamoorthi

2024

Curr Trop Med Rep

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Resistance Status of Aedes aegypti to Insecticides in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Combined target site (kdr) mutations play a primary role in highly pyrethroid resistant phenotypes of Aedes aegypti from Saudi Arabia

Combined target site (kdr) mutations play a primary role in highly pyrethroid resistant phenotypes of Aedes aegypti from Saudi Arabia

Knockdown resistance mutations contributing to pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti population, Saudi Arabia

Impact of Bio-geo-ecological Determinants on the Current and Future Mosquito Fauna in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Emerging Innovative Bio-computational Opportunities

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