Evaluation of Interaction Forces between Surfaces in Electrolyte Solutions by Atomic Force Microscope.

Direct Measurement of Interaction Forces between Surfaces in Liquids Using Atomic Force Microscopy

“…In experiments using SFA, the range of force between mica increased following the hydration enthalpy of the cations, in the order of Li + ~ Na + > Cs + (Pashley, 1981). This tendency was also confirmed with AFM (Higashitani and Ishimura, 1997) as shown in Fig. 5.…”

Adhesive Force between Hydrophilic Surfaces in Alcohol–Water Solutions

“…This interaction represents the energy to break the adsorbed layer on the surfaces. Full contact of the surfaces is confirmed by the method reported elsewhere (24). After the interaction force reaches a given pushing force, F p , the mica plate is retracted from the probe.…”

“…The interaction and adhesive forces are measured with an AFM (Digital Instruments, Nanoscope III), using the method reported elsewhere (24). Freshly cleaved mica sheets are used as a hydrophilic surface which is flat and smooth on the molecular scale.…”

Adhesion between Silica Particle and Mica Surfaces in Water and Electrolyte Solutions

“…Figure 9 shows the effect of the kind of cations on the adhesion most directly, that is, the difference between the values of F ad at t c = 0.1 and 50 s increases with the value of (− H ). It was reported (29) that the thickness of the adsorbed layer of cations increases with the absolute hydration enthalpy, because the larger the value of (− H ), the more water molecules the cations accompany, and that the highly hydrated cations, such as Li + and Na + , will form the thicker but weakly adsorbed layer, while the poorly hydrated cations of Cs + and K + will adsorb directly on the surface and form a thin but strongly adsorbed layer. Hence, when two surfaces with the adsorbed layers contact each other, the value of F ad will depend on how far the adsorbed layers can penetrate into the layer within the time of contact in the case of highly hydrated cations.…”