Evaluation of interference filters for spectral discrimination in solution-cathode glow discharge optical emission spectrometry

Schwartz, Andrew J.; Ray, Steven J.; Hieftje, Gary M.

doi:10.1039/c6ja00127k

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It was found that Cs signal was linear from 0.5-10,000 ppb (log-log plot slope of 0.97±0.03, R 2 = 0.99415), after which roll-off became apparent. If the Cs signal is assumed to maintain linearity to the 0.4-ppb detection limit, this corresponds to a linear working range of 4.4-orders of magnitude, similar to what is obtained for Cs with SCGD-AES (4.2 orders) [11]. Non-linearity beyond 10,000 ppb was found to be caused by condensation reactions that are preferential at high concentrations.…”

Section: Analytical Performancesupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Precision was found to be better than 16% RSD at 1000-ppb concentration. These precision values are somewhat worse than those obtained with SCGD and optical emission spectrometry, where RSD values in the range of 0.5-3.5% are common [9][10][11]29]. The comparatively poor precision here likely results from the method of ion sampling.…”

Section: Analytical Performancecontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…The greatest drawback of the SCGD is that a relatively high solution flow rate (typically 1.0-4.0 mL min -1 ) is required to maintain the solution overflow and, thereby, connection to electrical ground. However, flow injection strategies have successfully reduced sample consumption with little or no loss in analytical performance [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric-pressure solution-cathode glow discharge: A versatile ion source for atomic and molecular mass spectrometry

Schwartz

Williams

Hieftje

et al. 2017

Analytica Chimica Acta

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An atmospheric-pressure solution-cathode glow discharge (SCGD) has been evaluated as an ion source for atomic, molecular, and ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The SCGD consists of a direct-current plasma, supported in the ambient air in the absence of gas flows, and sustained upon the surface of a flowing liquid cathode. Analytes introduced in the flowing liquid, as an ambient gas, or as a solid held near the plasma are vaporized and ionized by interactions within or near the discharge. Introduction of acidic solutions containing metal salts produced bare elemental ions as well as HO, OH and NO adducts. Detection limits for these elemental species ranged from 0.1 to 4 ppb, working curves spanned more than 4 orders of linear dynamic range, and precision varied between 5 and 16% relative standard deviation. Small organic molecules were also efficiently ionized from solution, and both the intact molecular ion and fragments were observed in the resulting SCGD mass spectra. Fragmentation of molecular species was found to be tunable; high discharge currents led to harder ionization, while low discharge currents produced stronger molecular-ion signals. Ambient gases and solids, desorbed by the plasma from a glass probe, were also readily ionized by the SCGD. Indeed, strong analyte signals were obtained from solid samples placed at least 2 cm from the plasma. These findings indicate that the SCGD might be useful also for ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Combined with earlier results that showed the SCGD is useful for ionization of labile biomolecules, the results here indicate that the SCGD is a highly versatile ion source capable of providing both elemental and molecular mass-spectral information.

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Section: Analytical Performancesupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Analytical Performancecontrasting

confidence: 61%

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Atmospheric-pressure solution-cathode glow discharge: A versatile ion source for atomic and molecular mass spectrometry

Schwartz

Williams

Hieftje

et al. 2017

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…Another means to improve performance in SCGD-OES is to exploit the spatial emission structure of the discharge. Earlier studies have shown that emission is not homogeneous throughout the source [7,[21][22][23][24], but rather conforms to specific zones. Exploiting this inhomogeneity can lead to better analytical performance if emission is collected only from regions of the discharge where analyte species emit strongly and background emission (from continuum, elemental and/or molecular sources) is lower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Analysis of complex samples and expansion of SCGD-OES to the determination of molecular species has been achieved through pre-concentration [17,18] and replacemention chromatography [19]. The SCGD has also been coupled with smaller, more simplistic means of spectral sorting, including miniature spectrographs [20] and interference filters [21]. Combined, these advances have not only enhanced the potential portability, throughput, and applicability of SCGD-OES, but have also resulted in performance that is generally comparable to that obtained with radially viewed ICP-OES [9,15,16,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially resolved measurements to improve analytical performance of solution-cathode glow discharge optical-emission spectrometry

Schwartz

Ray

Chan

et al. 2016

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Past studies of the solution-cathode glow discharge (SCGD) revealed that elemental and molecular emission are not spatially homogenous throughout the source, but rather conform to specific zones within the discharge. Exploiting this inhomogeneity can lead to improved analytical performance if emission is collected only from regions of the discharge where analyte species emit strongly and background emission (from continuum, elemental and/or molecular sources) is lower. Effects of this form of spatial discrimination on the analytical performance of SCGD optical emission spectrometry (OES) have been investigated with an imaging spectrograph for fourteen atomic lines, with emphasis on detection limits and precision. Vertical profiles of the emission intensity, signal-to-background ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio were collected and used to determine the optimal region to view the SCGD on a per-element basis. With optimized spatial filtering, detection limits ranged from 0.09-360 ppb, a 1.4-13.6 fold improvement over those obtained when emission is collected from the full vertical profile (1.1-840 ppb), with a 4.2-fold average improvement. Precision was found to be unaffected by spatial filtering, ranging from 0.5-2.6% relative standard deviation (RSD) for all elements investigated, closely comparable to the 0.4-2.4% RSD observed when no spatial filtering is used. Spatial profiles also appear useful for identifying optimal line pairs for internal standardization and for flagging the presence of matrix interferences in SCGD-OES.

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Five years of innovations in development of glow discharges generated in contact with liquids for spectrochemical elemental analysis by optical emission spectrometry

Pohl

Jamróz

Gręda

et al. 2021

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Evaluation of interference filters for spectral discrimination in solution-cathode glow discharge optical emission spectrometry

Abstract: Solution-cathode glow discharge optical emission performance is evaluated with interference filters and critically compared to a traditional spectrometer.

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Atmospheric-pressure solution-cathode glow discharge: A versatile ion source for atomic and molecular mass spectrometry

Atmospheric-pressure solution-cathode glow discharge: A versatile ion source for atomic and molecular mass spectrometry

Spatially resolved measurements to improve analytical performance of solution-cathode glow discharge optical-emission spectrometry

Five years of innovations in development of glow discharges generated in contact with liquids for spectrochemical elemental analysis by optical emission spectrometry

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