Evaluation of Lignocellulosic Wastes for Production of Edible Mushrooms

Abstract

The degradation of lignocellulosic wastes such as paddy straw, sorghum stalk, and banana pseudostem was investigated during solid-state fermentation by edible mushrooms Pleurotus eous and Lentinus connotus. Biological efficiency of 55-65% was observed in paddy straw followed by sorghum stalk (45%) and banana pseudostem (33%) for both fungal species. The activity of extracellular enzymes, namely cellulase, polyphenol oxidase, and laccase, together with the content of cellulose, lignin, and phenols, was studied in spent substrates on seventh, 17th, and 27th days of spawning, and these values were used as indicators of the extent of lignocellulosic degradation by mushroom. Both the mushroom species proved to be efficient degraders of lignocellulosic biomass of paddy straw and sorghum stalk, and the extent of cellulose degradation was 63-72% of dry weight (d.w.), and lignin degradation was 23-30% of the d.w. In banana pseudostem, the extent of the degradation was observed to be only 15-22% of the d.w. for both lignin and cellulose. Preferential removal of cellulose during initial growth period and delayed degradation of lignin were observed in all three substrates. This is associated with decrease in activity of cellulase and polyphenol oxidase and increase in laccase activity with spawn aging in spent substrates. Thus, bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass by P. eous and L. connotus offers a promising way to convert low-quality biomass into an improved human food.

Solid state fermentation of maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) cob by <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> strain EM-1: Biopolymer profiles and cellulose degradability

“…For instance, after treatment of various lignocellulosic materials with P. ostreatus, the lignin content decreased by only 23-30% (Rani et al, 2008). Our findings are consistent with the welldocumented ability of mycelia of Pleurotus species to synthesize hydrolytic and oxidative extracellular enzymes including laccase and manganese peroxidase (Olfati and Peyvast, 2008).…”

Mycelium growth and yield of wild strains of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Quel. cultivated on waste materials from the textile industry

“…genus can be utilised for the delignification of waste materials developed in the course of agricultural production (Cohen et al 2002). The usefulness of various celluloseand lignin-containing materials for mushroom cultivation was confirmed by the research results of a number of researchers (Zervakis et al 2001, Ozcelik and Peksen 2007, Rani et al 2008, Akeviae et al 2009, Dundar et al 2009). The aim of this experiment was to assess mycelium growth and the development of wild strains of P. ostreatus on substrates from flax and hemp shives and compare the obtained results with the mycelium growth of the above-mentioned strains on substrates from deciduous tree sawdust as well as wheat and rye straw commonly employed in the commercial cultivation of the oyster mushroom in our country.…”

Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Empty Fruit Bunches in Oyster Mushroom Cultivation and in Vermicomposting

“…There was a correlation between spawn running and primordial initiation during weeks 3 to 4. Rani et al (2008) showed high cellulase, laccase, and polyphenol oxidase activity during this period and attributed it to the need for carbohydrates by fungal mycelia for sporophore and fruiting body formation. The TP bounce back (but not by more than 25 g GAE/100 g) may have been caused by active mycelial growth, which increases carbon dioxide in the substrate, suppressing other organisms involved in the degradation of phenolic derivatives.…”

“…The TP bounce back (but not by more than 25 g GAE/100 g) may have been caused by active mycelial growth, which increases carbon dioxide in the substrate, suppressing other organisms involved in the degradation of phenolic derivatives. This might cause temporary accumulation of degraded total soluble phenol in the EFBs (Rani et al 2008). Reduction of TP and the absence of phenol in samples at the end of cultivation, after 25 weeks (end of Stage IV in Fig.…”