Evaluation of lipid profile pattern and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) having type-2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia has been noted to play an integral role in the pathogenesis and progression of micro and macrovascular complications in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. The study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients as it has not been reported previously in BangladeshMethods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of pathology, Bangladesh from November 2016 to October 2017. A total number of 300 patients having diabetes in the age group of 30-60 years have been selected using a non-probability method. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were estimated by laboratory tests.Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in at least one lipid parameter was found in 282 patients (94%), while 18 patients (6%) had no dyslipidemia. High levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were found in 134 (47.3%), 230 (76.7%) and 124 (41.3%) patients, respectively. On the other hand, low levels of HDL-C were found in 180 patients (60%). An increased risk of AIP was found in 298 patients (99.3%), whereas only 2 patients (0.7%) were in low risk. FPG was positively correlated with TC, TG, LDL-C and AIP, while negatively correlated with HDL-C. A significant positive correlation was also observed between FPG and AIP.Conclusions: The Study revealed that dyslipidemia is very common in type 2 diabetic patients and the most common abnormality observed was increased serum triglyceride levels followed by decreased serum HDL-C levels. The AIP is also significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients.

Risk analysis for cardiovascular complication based on the atherogenic index of plasma of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Medan, Indonesia

“…The result of this study showed that 47 patients (55.3%) had a high risk of cardiovascular complications based on AIP value. This result is aligned with the previous studies, where 298 patients (99.3%) were found to be at high risk [14].…”

“…This study shows that a majority of patients (81 people -95.3%) are suffering from dyslipidaemia, and only 4 of them (4.7%) are not. This result is aligned with a previous study that reported 282 patients (94%) were found to have dyslipidaemia, whereas 6% were not [14][15][16]. Several patients experienced an increase of single lipid fraction; however, most of them experienced an increase of multiple lipid fractions.…”

“…From various researchers who have carried out studies before, aip has proven to be a reliable marker for predicting CAD risk. AIP is categorised into low, intermediate and high risk of cardiovascular disorders [14]. The result of this study showed that 47 patients (55.3%) had a high risk of cardiovascular complications based on AIP value.…”

“…an increase of total cholesterol serum, TG and LDL was found to be significant [17]. Dyslipidaemia is one of the main risk factors of atherosclerosis, which is the cause of macro-and micro-vascular disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular complications in T2DM patients [14,18]. According to the American Heart Association in 2015, at least 65% of the deaths of DM patients were due to heart disease and stroke.…”

Role of the atherogenic index of plasma in the prediction of the urinary albumin excretion and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes

“…This parameter can be easily calculated whenever a lipid profile is requested to assess the patient's cardiovascular risk. p = 0.033) was found [16]. They also stated that the effect of sustained hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, which increases lipogenesis -marked by increasing levels of TG along with low levels of HDL-c -could contribute to elevated levels of AIP in patients with diabetes.…”