Evaluation of M1 and M2 macrophages in ovarian endometriomas from women affected by endometriosis at different stages of the disease

Laganà, Antonio Simone; Salmeri, Francesca Maria; Frangež, Helena Ban; Ghezzi, Fabio; Vrtačnik-Bokal, Eda

doi:10.1080/09513590.2019.1683821

Cited by 114 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…They observed that the number of both M1 and M2 macrophages was significantly higher in the endometriosis group compared to controls. Furthermore, a progressive decrease of M1 macrophages and an increase of M2 macrophages from stage I to stage IV endometriosis was also noted [41].…”

Section: Immunological Aspects Of Endometriosismentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The phagocytic ability of macrophages is mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), enzymes capable of destroying the structure of the extracellular matrix, and by the expression of several macrophage surface receptors, that can promote the dissolution of cellular debris [40]. Lagana et al [41] suggested that macrophages are classified into M1 macrophages, and M2 macrophages, which display anti-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic activities. Moreover, these molecules are able to induce immunotolerance.…”

Section: Immunological Aspects Of Endometriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Anastasiu

Moga

Neculau

et al. 2020

IJMS

123

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Background: Early and accurate diagnosis of endometriosis is crucial for the management of this benign, yet debilitating pathology. Despite the advances of modern medicine, there is no common ground regarding the pathophysiology of this disease as it continues to affect the quality of life of millions of women of reproductive age. The lack of specific symptoms often determines a belated diagnosis. The gold standard remains invasive, surgery followed by a histopathological exam. A biomarker or a panel of biomarkers is easy to measure, usually noninvasive, and could benefit the clinician in both diagnosing and monitoring the treatment response. Several studies have advanced the idea of biomarkers for endometriosis, thereby circumventing unnecessary invasive techniques. Our paper aims at harmonizing the results of these studies in the search of promising perspectives on early diagnosis. Methods: We selected the papers from Google Academic, PubMed, and CrossRef and reviewed recent articles from the literature, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of various putative serum and urinary biomarkers for endometriosis. Results: The majority of studies focused on a panel of biomarkers, rather than a single biomarker and were unable to identify a single biomolecule or a panel of biomarkers with sufficient specificity and sensitivity in endometriosis. Conclusion: Noninvasive biomarkers, proteomics, genomics, and miRNA microarray may aid the diagnosis, but further research on larger datasets along with a better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms are needed.

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Section: Immunological Aspects Of Endometriosismentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Immunological Aspects Of Endometriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Anastasiu

Moga

Neculau

et al. 2020

IJMS

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A study in endometrioma also showed the trend that M1 were progressively decreased from stage I patients to stage IV patients, while M2 had an opposite tendency [43]. They explained this phenomenon by the notion that the microenvironment slightly changed from a pro-inflammatory one to a pro-fibrotic one when the disease became more severe.…”

Section: Macrophages In Endometrium Before Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 97%

The Role of Macrophages in Oocyte Donation Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

Tian

Eikmans

Hoorn

2020

IJMS

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The embryo of an oocyte donation (OD) pregnancy is completely allogeneic to the mother, which leads to a more serious challenge for the maternal immune system to tolerize the fetus. It is thought that macrophages are essential in maintaining a healthy pregnancy, by acting in immunomodulation and spiral arterial remodeling. OD pregnancies represent an interesting model to study complex immunologic interactions between the fetus and the pregnant woman since the embryo is totally allogeneic compared to the mother. Here, we describe a narrative review on the role of macrophages and pregnancy and a systematic review was performed on the role of macrophages in OD pregnancies. Searches were made in different databases and the titles and abstracts were evaluated by three independent authors. In total, four articles were included on OD pregnancies and macrophages. Among these articles, some findings are conflicting between studies, indicating that more research is needed in this area. From current research, we could identify that there are multiple subtypes of macrophages, having diverse biological effects, and that the ratio between subtypes is altered during gestation and in aberrant pregnancy. The study of macrophages’ phenotypes and their functions in OD pregnancies might be beneficial to better understand the maternal-fetal tolerance system.

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“…Furthermore, endometriosis symptoms are often associated with a significant impairment in psychological wellbeing [15,16], that has also a substantial impact on the quality of life [17,18]. Several different theories have been developed in order to justify the etiopathology of endometriosis; although the theory of retrograde menstruation [19,20], developed by Sampson, was widely accepted several years ago, to date, accumulating evidence suggests a key role of genetics, epigenetics, and immune mechanisms for the onset and progression of the disease [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Channels in The Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: A Cutting-Edge Point of View

Riemma

Laganà

Schiattarella

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Background: Ion channels play a crucial role in many physiological processes. Several subtypes are expressed in the endometrium. Endometriosis is strictly correlated to estrogens and it is evident that expression and functionality of different ion channels are estrogen-dependent, fluctuating between the menstrual phases. However, their relationship with endometriosis is still unclear. Objective: To summarize the available literature data about the role of ion channels in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis. Methods: A search on PubMed and Medline databases was performed from inception to November 2019. Results: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), transient receptor potentials (TRPs), aquaporins (AQPs), and chloride channel (ClC)-3 expression and activity were analyzed. CFTR expression changed during the menstrual phases and was enhanced in endometriosis samples; its overexpression promoted endometrial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion throughout nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells-urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (NFκB-uPAR) signaling pathway. No connection between TRPs and the pathogenesis of endometriosis was found. AQP5 activity was estrogen-increased and, through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), helped in vivo implantation of ectopic endometrium. In vitro, AQP9 participated in extracellular signal-regulated kinases/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/p38 MAPK) pathway and helped migration and invasion stimulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9. ClC-3 was also overexpressed in ectopic endometrium and upregulated MMP9. Conclusion: Available evidence suggests a pivotal role of CFTR, AQPs, and ClC-3 in endometriosis etiopathogenesis. However, data obtained are not sufficient to establish a direct role of ion channels in the etiology of the disease. Further studies are needed to clarify this relationship.

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Evaluation of M1 and M2 macrophages in ovarian endometriomas from women affected by endometriosis at different stages of the disease

Cited by 114 publications

References 19 publications

Biomarkers for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Biomarkers for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

The Role of Macrophages in Oocyte Donation Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

Ion Channels in The Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: A Cutting-Edge Point of View

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