Evaluation of Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram Transition in the Era of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Halakoo, Mohammad; Yang, Hao

doi:10.1109/iv48863.2021.9575687

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Accident locations were selected based on their density level at the end of the second hour. Previous studies showed that in a grid network, the accidents that occurred on the link closer to the center of the network have more impact on the network performance, such as the trip completion rate and travel time [27,28]. Accordingly, this study followed the same logic for accident location selection.…”

Section: Accident Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneity Aware Emission Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (e-MFD)

2023

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Transportation sector is one of the major producers of greenhouse gases which are responsible for climate change. Finding an appropriate emission estimation tool for large-scale networks is essential for developing efficient emission mitigation strategies. This paper presents an advanced version of the emission macroscopic fundamental diagram (e-MFD) which improves the stability and accuracy of the previous model. A bi-modal function is applied to separate free-flow and congested branches of the e-MFD. The accuracy of the proposed e-MFD is evaluated with both a synthetic grid network and a real-world city-level network. The study also assesses the model’s stability under directional traffic demands and road incidents. A comparison with the original e-MFD also verifies the superiority of the proposed model with higher accuracy. Standard deviation of density used in the proposed model to boost the performance. It is worth mentioning the standard deviation can be recorded with the existing hardware, such as loop detectors, and does not impose a considerable computational complexity. The proposed model can be employed for emission measurement in large-scale networks and hierarchical traffic control systems for more homogeneous congestion distribution and emission control.

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Section: Accident Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to observe e-MFD behaviour in congested and free-flow regimes, the traffic flow was gradually increased until the network reached a gridlock status. Also, to avoid hysteresis phenomena, no unloading time was given to the network [9,26,27]. The base scenario experiment was replicated ten times.…”

Section: Grid Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity Aware Emission Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (e-MFD)

2023

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“…The costs associated with adding a new lane and the technology cost of building an AV lane are considered in the cost-benefit analysis of these scenarios. Besides, in this study, AVs are assumed to have access to the V2V and V2I information, so they are expected to have en route information that enables them to change their route in the middle of their trip once they find a route with a lower travel time than their initially selected route (26)(27)(28). Since the presence of en route users in the network can alter the distribution of traffic over the network, the travel time of the users, and the shape of the network or macroscopic fundamental diagram (NFD or MFD) (29)(30)(31)(32)(33), this routing behavior of AVs is crucial to be considered in the evaluation of the impacts of these vehicles on transportation networks.…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Network-Wide Impacts of Dedicated Lanes for Connected Autonomous Vehicles

Fakhrmoosavi

Kamjoo

Zockaie

et al. 2022

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Dedicated lanes for autonomous vehicles (AV) are introduced as an effective strategy to improve mobility in mixed traffic of AVs and heterogeneous drivers. However, adding a new lane is costly, and dedicating an existing lane may increase traffic congestion in other lanes. Previous studies investigated the impacts of AV dedicated lanes on throughput at the segment level and/or assumed a fixed route choice. However, AV dedicated lanes change route choice behavior, which affects traffic distribution over the network. Therefore, this study explores the impacts of AV dedicated lanes on the traffic performance of large-scale networks by conducting a network-level cost–benefit analysis on the implementation of AV dedicated lanes under different demand and AV market penetration rate (MPR) scenarios. This study examines the impacts of implementing AV dedicated lanes to freeway links on traffic congestion at corridor and network levels. Various factors are explored: changes in aggregate flow–density relationships, throughput, and average travel times. To this end, DYNASMART-P software is updated to consider AV dedicated lanes and is used to simulate the mixed traffic. Traffic simulation analyses on the large-scale network of Chicago indicate that these impacts depend on the AV MPR, demand level, and AV dedicated lane implementation approach. Dedicated lanes for AVs are beneficial for a high demand level scenario at all AV MPRs. However, for the base demand scenario, (760,000 vehicles during a.m. peak), deploying such lanes is only justified for low AV MPRs. Furthermore, the impacts of AV dedicated lanes on traffic at the network level are different from those on single segments.

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“…The effects of signal coordination on the MFD were investigated in [32], which stated that the impacts of the strategies were sensitive to the signal cycle length chosen (60 s, 90 s, 120 s), and a poor signal coordination reduces the network capacity and the free-flow speed. Other variables that affect the MFD include junction regulation [33], traffic signals [34][35][36], network spatial characteristics [37], buses [38], large-scale activities [39], autonomous vehicles [40][41][42][43], turning traffic [44], rainfall [45], ride pooling [46], bicycle traffic [47], traffic incidents [48], the position of the loop detectors [49], and network heterogeneity [50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for the Experimental Identification of Variables and Configurations That Modify the Shape of the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram

Carrillo-González,

López-Maldonado

2024

Applied Sciences

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In this paper, we propose a method for establishing if a variable is capable of modifying the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) of a street network. The variables have many different configurations, and a simulation is performed for each one. Then, based on the output data of each simulation, the representative speed, density, and flow of the network are calculated. We use three metrics to establish if a variable affects the MFD: the first establishes a distance between the compared density and speed patterns, the second establishes a distance between capacities, and the third establishes a distance between critical densities. We select four variables to test our method: the precision of driving, the vehicles’ top speeds distribution, the procedure for selecting routes, and the procedure for selecting destinations; we determine whether each of these variables can modify the MFD shape. Additionally, we detect which configurations of a variable are able to reach and exceed the critical density (causing congestion) so we can establish which configurations are sustainable and which are not. The novelties of this work are twofold: (1) we introduce a method to detect if a variable modifies the MFD; (2) we establish if the selected variables modify the MFD.

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Evaluation of Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram Transition in the Era of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Heterogeneity Aware Emission Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (e-MFD)

Heterogeneity Aware Emission Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (e-MFD)

Assessing the Network-Wide Impacts of Dedicated Lanes for Connected Autonomous Vehicles

Method for the Experimental Identification of Variables and Configurations That Modify the Shape of the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram

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