Evaluation of maximum non-metallic inclusion sizes in engineering steels by fitting a generalized extreme value distribution based on vectors of largest observations

Schmiedt, Anja Bettina; Dickert, Hans Henning; Bleck, Wolfgang; Kamps, Udo

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2015.05.013

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In metals, reducing the size of inclusions and impurities significantly increases the fatigue properties. It has been well accepted that second-phase particles in the microstructures play a major role in the fracture of steels and failure resistance can be improved through changes in the volume fraction and morphology of these particles [54][55][56][57]. These particles are the centers of stress concentration and cause a decrease in the fatigue properties of the material [58].…”

Section: Effects Of Microstructure and Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Fatigue of Materials

Khalifeh

2023

Failure Analysis - Structural Health Monitoring of Structure and Infrastructure Components

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This chapter deals with the fatigue fracture of the materials under cyclic loadings. Components of structures and machines may be subjected to cyclic loads and the resulting cyclic stress that can lead to microscopic physical damage and fracture of the materials involved. It has been seen at a stress well below the ultimate strength, this microscopic damage can accumulate under action of cyclic loadings until it develops into a crack that leads to final separation of the component. In addition, the material inherently has cracks and other microscopic defects that grow due to cyclic loads and lead to fracture of machine or structure parts. The failures are more often sudden, unpredictable and catastrophic which may occur after a short period of design life. The main objective in writing this chapter is to present scientific findings and relevant engineering practice involving materials fatigue failures.

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Section: Effects Of Microstructure and Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Fatigue of Materials

Khalifeh

2023

Failure Analysis - Structural Health Monitoring of Structure and Infrastructure Components

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“…[7] In contrast, other authors assign different kinds of harmfulness to different inclusion types. [8,9] In recent decades, the degree of purity of steels and thus their performance have increased continuously through improvements in the steel manufacturing process. [10,11] Despite the reduced number of inclusions in the steel and a reduction in their size, they still are the main causes for crack initiation at low cyclic loads, that is, large numbers of cycles to failure, and thus restrict the fatigue limit of steel components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 7 ] In contrast, other authors assign different kinds of harmfulness to different inclusion types. [ 8,9 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of the Fatigue Limit of High‐Strength Steel Specimens at Different Loading Conditions Based on Inclusion Sizes

Schumacher

Clausen

2021

steel research int.

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A calculation method for the fatigue limit of components made of high-strength steels that fail at inclusions is described. The method consists of two parts: first, the size of failure-critical inclusions is determined based on metallographic investigations. Then, the fatigue limit is determined based on the expected inclusion sizes using a fracture mechanics model. Influencing factors such as sample size, heat-treatment conditions, and mean stresses are considered. The model parameters are derived from fatigue test data collected over decades within the framework of several research projects. The dominant influencing factors are the inclusion size and the hardness of the steel matrix. Finally, the model is used to predict the fatigue limit of different specimens made of a bearing steel SAE 52 100. The sizes of failure-critical inclusions and fatigue limits calculated with the model are compared and evaluated on the basis of the inclusion sizes found in the samples' fracture surface and the experimentally determined fatigue limits.

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“…As aerospace and aviation engines become more reliable, develop higher thrust-to-weight ratios, and become larger in size, the presence of various types of inclusions in superalloys, and high percentages of harmful elements that reduce the purities of these materials, pose threats to their operating safety and stability [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Wang et al [ 11 ] found that the formation of carbon nitride inclusions during the cooling and crystallization of a superalloy lowers its plasticity and service lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Melting Technologies on the Purity of Superalloy GH4738

Chen

Yang

et al. 2018

Materials

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The choice of melting technique is crucial for controlling the purity of a superalloy, which is especially important because purity has come to limit progress in the superalloy field. In this study, double- and triple-melting techniques were used to refine the GH4738 superalloy. Elemental analyses, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, high-temperature cupping machine, high-temperature fatigue testing machine, and Image-Pro Plus software were used to analyze and compare the contents of specific elements, the types and sizes of inclusions, the mechanical properties, and the probabilities of white spot formation using the two melting techniques. The effects of the different melting processes on the purity of the superalloy were systematically studied. In terms of controlling the presence of impurities, the triple-melting process resulted in lower levels of harmful N, S, and O impurities in the superalloy, the triple-melted superalloy also contained fewer types of inclusion of smaller sizes and in smaller amounts than the double-melted alloy. Triple melting also promotes tensile strength and fatigue life, and minimizes the probability of forming defects in the superalloy.

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Evaluation of maximum non-metallic inclusion sizes in engineering steels by fitting a generalized extreme value distribution based on vectors of largest observations

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Perspective Chapter: Fatigue of Materials

Perspective Chapter: Fatigue of Materials

Calculation of the Fatigue Limit of High‐Strength Steel Specimens at Different Loading Conditions Based on Inclusion Sizes

Effects of Different Melting Technologies on the Purity of Superalloy GH4738

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