Evaluation of Mercury Contamination in Patients and Water during Amalgam Removal

Mt, Oliveira; Hv, Constantino; Go, Molina; Milioli, E; Js, Ghizoni; Pereira, Rita

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1508

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Therefore, it is especially important to reduce the amount of mercury in the discharged water. The drainpipe would be contaminated with mercury as it drains the discharged water that contains mercury [ 16 , 29 ]. Thus, it is important that to clarify the mercury amount left in the system after the procedure to prevent mercury pollution of the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that the removal of dental amalgams produces mercury [ 1 , 2 , 14 , 16 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], and the mercury would be released into the discharged water, which could then be transferred into the environment through the drain. Once mercury is released into the environment, its reaction becomes complicated due to chemical, physical, and biological factors [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, biological concentration might occur, which would be more harmful to human health [ 24 ]. A previous study investigated the amount of mercury in the discharged water during dental amalgam removal [ 29 ], and they found a high level of mercury in the discharge water. Thus, it is clear that the discharge water during the amalgam removal was contaminated with mercury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Removal Conditions on Mercury Amount Remaining in the Oral Cavity and inside Drainage System after Removing Dental Amalgams

Ishida

Aoki

Miyasaka

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Mercury is produced and drained into the environment by removing dental amalgams, which may cause mercury pollution. This study aimed to clarify the mercury amount remaining in the oral cavity and inside the drain system after removal. The effects of the removal conditions and differences in drainage systems were also investigated. Dental amalgams filled in the tooth and placed in a phantom head were removed using an air turbine under several conditions (two removal methods, absence of cooling water, and intraoral suction). Then, the oral cavity was rinsed with 100 mL of water (oral rinse water), and 500 mL of water was suctioned to wash the inside of the drainage system (system rinse water). Both water samples were collected in two ways (amalgam separator and gas-liquid separator), and their mercury amounts were measured. It was found that the amount of mercury left in the oral cavity and drainage system after dental amalgams removal could be reduced when the amalgams were removed by being cut into fragments as well as using cooling water and intraoral suction. In addition, using amalgam separators can significantly reduce the amount of mercury in the discharge water and prevent the draining of mercury into the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Removal Conditions on Mercury Amount Remaining in the Oral Cavity and inside Drainage System after Removing Dental Amalgams

Ishida

Aoki

Miyasaka

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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show abstract

“…Other harmful health risks caused by a high dose of mercury vapor in dentists and assistant dentists include musculoskeletal disorders, hyperpigmentations, respiratory disorders, arrhythmia, hand tremor, upper extremities stiffness, neuropsychiatric symptoms of memory, sleep disorders, and decline in their long-term visual memory [9,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70].…”

Section: ) Heart Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Environmental and Health Adverse Effects of Mercury Released From Dental Amalgam: A Literature Review

Aftabi

Jafari

Pirzadeh-Ashraf

2021

J Adv Environ Health Res

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This paper reviews the most available data on the possible adverse effects of mercury released from amalgam that comprises 50% pure mercury, 35% silver, 12-13 % tin, 2% copper, and up to 1% zinc, indium, platinum, and palladium. Despite the possible health risks of mercury from amalgam on the nervous, respiratory, renal, and endocrine systems, it is used in some countries; however, Sweden, Denmark, Canada, the United States, and Japan have long banned the use of amalgam. Amalgam restorations are one of the main mercury-releasing sources (1800-2700 tons per year) of contamination. During chewing, grinding, brushing of teeth, breaking down of amalgam, and as the temperature of the oral environment increases, mercury vapor will be released. The mercury vapor enters the atmosphere, wastewater in dental offices, all systemic organs, especially the lower respiratory tract and can affect the renal-urinary system or enters breast milk, fetus, and finally, transmits to infants. The mercury level released from amalgam in blood, urine, hair, and nail of large populations of dentists, dental assistants, and pregnant women is higher than the safe levels. The main neurological and psychological effects of mercury vapor are sleep disorders, amnesia, mental disorders, hair loss, memory disturbances, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, kidney diseases, gene toxicity, Alzheimer’s disease, Autism, skin allergies, cancer, infertility, low birth weight, and heart diseases. In order to avoid further amalgam risks to the dentists, dental assistants, pregnant women, and wildlife ecosystem, it is suggested to replace the dental amalgam with composite resins.

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Metals in cosmetics: implications for human health

Borowska

Brzóska

2015

J of Applied Toxicology

283

180

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Cosmetics, preparations repeatedly applied directly to the human skin, mucous membranes, hair and nails, should be safe for health, however, recently there has been increasing concern about their safety. Unfortunately, using these products in some cases is related to the occurrence of unfavourable effects resulting from intentional or the accidental presence of chemical substances, including toxic metals. Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic and nickel, as well as aluminium, classified as a light metal, are detected in various types of cosmetics (colour cosmetics, face and body care products, hair cosmetics, herbal cosmetics, etc.). In addition, necessary, but harmful when they occur in excessive amounts, elements such as copper, iron, chromium and cobalt are also present in cosmetic products. Metals occurring in cosmetics may undergo retention and act directly in the skin or be absorbed through the skin into the blood, accumulate in the body and exert toxic effects in various organs. Some cases of topical (mainly allergic contact dermatitis) and systemic effects owing to exposure to metals present in cosmetics have been reported. Literature data show that in commercially available cosmetics toxic metals may be present in amounts creating a danger to human health. Thus, the present review article focused on the problems related to the presence of heavy metals and aluminium in cosmetics, including their sources, concentrations and law regulations as well as danger for the health of these products users. Owing to the growing usage of cosmetics it is necessary to pay special attention to these problems.

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Evaluation of Mercury Contamination in Patients and Water during Amalgam Removal

Abstract: The mercury released by the physical action of the drill, the replacement material and especially the final destination of the amalgam waste can increase contamination levels that can be a risk for human and environment health.

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Removal Conditions on Mercury Amount Remaining in the Oral Cavity and inside Drainage System after Removing Dental Amalgams

Effects of Removal Conditions on Mercury Amount Remaining in the Oral Cavity and inside Drainage System after Removing Dental Amalgams

Assessing the Environmental and Health Adverse Effects of Mercury Released From Dental Amalgam: A Literature Review

Metals in cosmetics: implications for human health

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