Evaluation of methicillin-resistant &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; nasal carriage in Malagasy veterinary students

Rasamiravaka, Tsiry; Nirinarimanana, A.J.; Rasamindrakotroka, A.

doi:10.4314/ajcem.v17i4.5

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…MRSA nasal carriage in community was observed with a prevalence of 14.8% in 2011 (10, 11). Overall resistances were higher for widely available drugs (12).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall resistances were higher for widely available drugs (12). Moreover, 9.0% of veterinary students were asymptomatic MRSA carriers (11). Increasing rate of resistance to gentamicin (42.9%) and vancomycin (7.1%) was observed in MRSA isolates (11).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, 9.0% of veterinary students were asymptomatic MRSA carriers (11). Increasing rate of resistance to gentamicin (42.9%) and vancomycin (7.1%) was observed in MRSA isolates (11). Nonetheless, vancomycin and tigecycline are the last drugs demonstrating therapeutic efficacy for MRSA and are compromised by the reduced susceptibility in S. aureus (13).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, vancomycin and tigecycline are the last drugs demonstrating therapeutic efficacy for MRSA and are compromised by the reduced susceptibility in S. aureus (13). Phenotypic resistance observed in Madagascar was of concern (11), confirmation by an antimicrobial reference laboratory for genotyping should be considered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Antibiotic Resistance in the Indian Ocean Commission: A Human and Animal Health Issue

Belmonte

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Halifa³

et al. 2017

Front. Public Health

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to human, animal health, and environment worldwide. For human, transmission occurred through a variety of routes both in health-care settings and community. In animals, AMR was reported in livestock, pets, and wildlife; transmission of AMR can be zoonotic with the probably most important route being foodborne transmission. The Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), composed of Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion (France), and Seychelles recognized the surveillance of AMR in both animal and human as a main public health priority for the region. Mayotte, French overseas territory, located in Comoros archipelago, was also included in this review. This review summarized our best epidemiological knowledge regarding AMR in Indian Ocean. We documented the prevalence, and phenotypic and genotypic profiles of prone to resistance Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria both in animals and humans. Our review clearly pointed out extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae as main human and animal health issue in IOC. However, publications on AMR are scarce, particularly in Comoros, Mayotte, and Seychelles. Thus, research and surveillance priorities were recommended (i) estimating the volume of antimicrobial drugs used in livestock and human medicine in the different territories [mainly third generation cephalosporin (3GC)]; (ii) developing a “One Health” surveillance approach with epidemiological indicators as zoonotic foodborne pathogen (i.e., couple Escherichia coli resistance to 3GC/carbapenems); (iii) screening travelers with a history of hospitalization and consumption of antibiotic drug returning from at risk areas (e.g., mcr-1 transmission with China or hajj pilgrims) allowing an early warning detection of the emergence for quick control measures implementation in IOC.

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“…MRSA nasal carriage in community was observed with a prevalence of 14.8% in 2011 (10, 11). Overall resistances were higher for widely available drugs (12).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review of Antibiotic Resistance in the Indian Ocean Commission: A Human and Animal Health Issue

Belmonte

Collard

Halifa³

et al. 2017

Front. Public Health

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Transmission routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria: a systematic review

2022

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Background Quantification of acquisition routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) is pivotal for understanding transmission dynamics and designing cost-effective interventions. Different methods have been used to quantify the importance of transmission routes, such as relative risks, odds ratios (OR), genomic comparisons and basic reproduction numbers. We systematically reviewed reported estimates on acquisition routes’ contributions of ARB in humans, animals, water and the environment and assessed the methods used to quantify the importance of transmission routes. Methods PubMed and EMBASE were searched, resulting in 6054 articles published up until January 1st, 2019. Full text screening was performed on 525 articles and 277 are included. Results We extracted 718 estimates with S. aureus (n = 273), E. coli (n = 157) and Enterobacteriaceae (n = 99) being studied most frequently. Most estimates were derived from statistical methods (n = 560), mainly expressed as risks (n = 246) and ORs (n = 239), followed by genetic comparisons (n = 85), modelling (n = 62) and dosage of ARB ingested (n = 17). Transmission routes analysed most frequently were occupational exposure (n = 157), travelling (n = 110) and contacts with carriers (n = 83). Studies were mostly performed in the United States (n = 142), the Netherlands (n = 87) and Germany (n = 60). Comparison of methods was not possible as studies using different methods to estimate the same route were lacking. Due to study heterogeneity not all estimates by the same method could be pooled. Conclusion Despite an abundance of published data the relative importance of transmission routes of ARB has not been accurately quantified. Links between exposure and acquisition are often present, but the frequency of exposure is missing, which disables estimation of transmission routes’ importance. To create effective policies reducing ARB, estimates of transmission should be weighed by the frequency of exposure occurrence.

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Ecology and Genetic Lineages of Nasal Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Carriage in Healthy Persons with or without Animal-Related Occupational Risks of Colonization: A Review of Global Reports

et al. 2021

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In this conceptual review, we thoroughly searched for appropriate English articles on nasal staphylococci carriage among healthy people with no reported risk of colonization (Group A), food handlers (Group B), veterinarians (Group C), and livestock farmers (Group D) published between 2000 and 2021. Random-effects analyses of proportions were performed to determine the pooled prevalence of S. aureus, MRSA, MRSA-CC398, and MSSA-CC398, as well as the prevalence of PVL-positive S. aureus from all eligible studies. A total of 166 eligible papers were evaluated for Groups A/B/C/D (n = 58/31/26/51). The pooled prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in healthy humans of Groups A to D were 15.9, 7.8, 34.9, and 27.1%, and 0.8, 0.9, 8.6, and 13.5%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of MRSA-CC398 nasal carriage among healthy humans was as follows: Group A/B (<0.05%), Group C (1.4%), Group D (5.4%); and the following among Group D: pig farmers (8.4%) and dairy farmers (4.7%). The pooled prevalence of CC398 lineage among the MSSA and MRSA isolates from studies of the four groups were Group A (2.9 and 6.9%), B (1.5 and 0.0%), C (47.6% in MRSA), and D (11.5 and 58.8%). Moreover, MSSA-CC398 isolates of Groups A and B were mostly of spa-t571 (animal-independent clade), while those of Groups C and D were spa-t011 and t034. The MRSA-CC398 was predominately of t011 and t034 in all the groups (with few other spa-types, livestock-associated clades). The pooled prevalence of MSSA and MRSA isolates carrying the PVL encoding genes were 11.5 and 9.6% (ranges: 0.0–76.9 and 0.0–28.6%), respectively. Moreover, one PVL-positive MSSA-t011-CC398 isolate was detected in Group A. Contact with livestock and veterinary practice seems to increase the risk of carrying MRSA-CC398, but not in food handlers. Thus, this emphasizes the need for integrated molecular epidemiology of zoonotic staphylococci.

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Evaluation of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> nasal carriage in Malagasy veterinary students

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Review of Antibiotic Resistance in the Indian Ocean Commission: A Human and Animal Health Issue

Review of Antibiotic Resistance in the Indian Ocean Commission: A Human and Animal Health Issue

Transmission routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria: a systematic review

Ecology and Genetic Lineages of Nasal Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Carriage in Healthy Persons with or without Animal-Related Occupational Risks of Colonization: A Review of Global Reports

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