Evaluation of Microgap Size and Microbial Leakage in the Connection Area of 4 Abutments With Straumann (ITI) Implant

Abstract

A microgap between implant and abutment can lead to mechanical and biological problems such as abutment screw fracture and peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate microgap size and microbial leakage in the connection area of 4 different abutments to ITI implants. In this experimental study, 36 abutments in 4 groups (including Cast On, Castable, Solid, and Synocta abutments) connected to Straumann fixtures (with their inner part inoculated with bacterial suspension) and microbial leakage were assessed at different times. The size of the microgap in 4 randomized locations was then measured by scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and by 1-way variance statistical test, Kruskal-Wallis, and their supplementary tests (Mann-Whitney HSD and Tukey's; α = .05) at the next step. The effect of using different types of abutments was significant on the mean microgap size (P < .001) and on the mean number of leaked colonies (CFU/mL) through the connection area of the implant and abutment within the first 5 hours of the experiment (P = .012); however, it did not significantly influence microleakage at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 14 days (P = .145). Using Synocta abutments compared with Solid abutments will not provide us with more accommodation, and vice versa. Using Solid and Synocta abutments can significantly decrease the microgap size; however, Cast On abutments do not show a significant difference in terms of microgap compared with Castable abutments. Microleakage in the connection area is comparable for these 4 abutments.

Original vs. non‐original abutments for screw‐retained single implant crowns: An in vitro evaluation of internal fit, mechanical behaviour and screw loosening

“…Higher implant–abutment interface misfit has been reported when cast components are used (Lalithamma, Mallan, Murukan & Zarina, ). Rismanchian, Hatami, Badrian, Khalighinejad and Goroohi () compared different original abutments for Straumann implants, showing lower microgaps when abutments were machined than when they were cast. Tsuge, Hagiwara and Matsumura () investigated the size of microgaps among five different types of machined abutments and their related fixtures and reported values of <10 μm.…”

“…The results of this research demonstrate a better fit among machined surfaces (Location B: implant–abutment) in the three implant–abutment configurations than among surfaces where a cast component was involved (Location A: implant–crown or Location C: crown–abutment). Casting procedures are highly dependent on the technician and on the composition of the plastic cylinder used (Rismanchian et al., ); therefore, it may not be considered a predictable procedure, potentially explaining the high SD registered. Likewise, our results suggest that better fit among different elements of the system is expected when original components are used.…”

Evaluation of the Sealing Capability of the Internal Conical Connections of Implants with Titanium and Zirconia Abutments

“…In an in vitro study, in which cast on, castable, solid, and synocta abutments were connected to Straumann implants and submerged in a bacterial solution, Rismanchian et al 28 found no significant difference in microleakage. Although Jaworski et al 6 reported that…”

“…However, those measurements were only at the most coronal aspects of the implant platforms, and there was no way to visualize the more apical connections without sectioning the specimens. As mentioned by Rismanchian et al, 28 the microgap is a three-dimensional space and the measurements obtained at the outer portion of this space cannot be generalized to the remaining portions, which may be otherwise inaccessible. Even though the findings showed that bacterial microleakage was not affected by abutment screw torque, following the manufacturer's recommended screw torque may be more critical from a biomechanical standpoint.…”

Periimplant Bacteria Associated With Different Transmucosal Designs or Smoking Habits

“…Microbial adherence on dental implant established within minutes and became mature in a few weeks after prosthesis connection. 5,6 A microgap at an implant-abutment interface is one of the surfaces that may be penetrated and colonized by oral bacteria, 7 and bacterial leakage occurred regardless of the abutment design 8 or screw torque value. 9 The bone-level design brings the implantabutment interface into deeper tissue, and its microenvironment favors growth of anaerobic bacteria.…”