Evaluation of micronuclei in betel quid chewers, potentially malignant oral disorders, and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: A cytological assay

Somashekhar, Preethi; Kamath, Venkatesh V

doi:10.15713/ins.jcri.123

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The N-nitrosamine content of tobacco (betel quid) being carcinogenic in nature causes chromosomal aberration and leads to formation of micronuclei in oral epithelial cells. [11] In the present study, exfoliated buccal cells were used for MN detection; this can be arguably explained on three bases. First, as buccal mucosa provides a barrier to potential carcinogens that can be metabolized to generate potential reactive products, approximately 90% of human cancers originate from these epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Micronucleus Frequencies in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Potentially Malignant Disorder Subjects Using Feulgen Stain

2019

IJDA

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Introduction:Oral squamous cell carcinoma generally arises from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) through a complex process of genetic alterations such as chromosomal alterations, epigenetic alterations, and/or DNA changes. If these lesions are detected in early stages, i.e., during stage of PMDs through specific and sensitive tests, it can markedly improve the survival rates of patients. Micronucleus (MN) is one such suitable and reliable test to detect genotoxic effects of various carcinogens. Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the levels of micronuclei in OPMDs as well as to correlate micronuclei frequency in different grades of dysplasia. Materials and Methods: The study cases were divided into two groups, Group I consisting of thirty healthy controls and Group II of thirty histopathologically proven cases of OPMDs. The exfoliated cells were collected from buccal mucosa/lesional area of both study groups and were stained with Feulgen stain and evaluated under microscope for MN. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA test and correlation was calculated using Pearson's correlation using SPSS 18.0 software. Results: According to the present study, MN and MN percentage (MN%) increased from normal to potentially malignant disorder cases with statistically significant difference. A highly positive correlation (0.946) between grades of dysplasia and MN formation was obtained. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the occurrence of MN and MN% increases from controls to potentially malignant disorder cases. Among PMDs, the occurrence of MN and MN% was highest in patients of oral submucous fibrosis followed by leukoplakia and lichen planus patients. And finally, with increase in grades of dysplasia, in PMD subjects, the formation of MN increases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Micronucleus Frequencies in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Potentially Malignant Disorder Subjects Using Feulgen Stain

2019

IJDA

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“…This causes chromosomal aberration and induces formation of micronuclei in oral epithelial cells. 5 Micronuclei (MN) are small chromatin bodies in the cytoplasm formed by condensation of acrocentric chromosomal fragments or by whole chromosomes, lagging behind the cell division and are sensitive indicators of genetic damage. It is the only biomarker that allows simultaneous evaluation of clastogenic and aneugenic effects in multiple cells, easily detected in the interphase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic Analysis of Micronuclei in Tobacco Chewers: A Study in North Indian Population

Vaid

Bhargava

Bansal

et al. 2019

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim: Oral cancer ranks in top three of all cancers in India and accounts for over 30% of all cancers reported in the country. The present study aims at an in vivo cytogenetic analysis to assess the applicability of the micronucleus test in diagnosing early detection of dysplastic changes. Materials and methods: Exfoliated scrape smears were collected from 75 patients suffering from premalignant lesions. The wet-fixed smears were stained by adopting Papanicolaou's staining protocol. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to analyze the data statistically. Results: The results of the above study give a fair assessment of the amount of nuclear alterations seen in individuals exposed to genotoxic agents, such as tobacco, and also to a certain extent, an insight into the expected biological behavior of the lesions present in such individuals. Detection of micronuclei and their assay is an upcoming research domain in the field of cancer detection and therapeutics. These miniature nuclear offshoots if properly identified can turn out to be important biomarkers with huge potential for screening and predicting patients with oral precancers and also can act as risk assessors in patient's ongoing treatment for invasive cancers. Conclusion:The frequency of micronucleated cells has been observed to be in increasing order with the increase in the age-groups and from control to precancerous cases significantly in both sexes.

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Khat, Betel, Coca and Tobacco Chewing: Genotoxic Effects in Micronucleus Assays

Nersesyan

Wultsch

Mišík

et al. 2019

The Micronucleus Assay in Toxicology

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Epidemiological findings indicate that the chewing of tobacco, betel (with and without tobacco) and khat leaves causes cancer and preneoplastic lesions (leukoplakia) in the oral cavity, while no data are available concerning the effects of coca leaves. The results of human studies show that these habits (except the consumption of coca leaves) cause the formation of micronuclei (MN) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells. Taken together, the results show that MN reflect the cancer risks of this widespread chewing habit. In vitro and animal experiments with extracts of betel quid and tobacco support the assumption that chewing causes damage of the genetic material. It is likely that alkaloids that are contained in these plants, such as cathinione in khat, arecoline and structurally related compounds in betel quid, account for their genotoxic properties. Furthermore, specific nitrosamines were identified in betel quid and also in chewing tobacco which may play a role in regard to MN formation in the buccal cavity.

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Evaluation of micronuclei in betel quid chewers, potentially malignant oral disorders, and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: A cytological assay

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of Micronucleus Frequencies in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Potentially Malignant Disorder Subjects Using Feulgen Stain

Evaluation of Micronucleus Frequencies in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Potentially Malignant Disorder Subjects Using Feulgen Stain

Cytogenetic Analysis of Micronuclei in Tobacco Chewers: A Study in North Indian Population

Khat, Betel, Coca and Tobacco Chewing: Genotoxic Effects in Micronucleus Assays

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