Evaluation of microstructures and wear properties of duplex boride coatings

Samadi, V; Habibolahzade, Ali

doi:10.1179/174328408x374667

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some examples of duplex processing can be found, e.g. borochromizing, borotitanizing and borovanadizing of stainless steel AISI 316L (chromizing, titanizing and vanadizing followed by boriding) [23], borovanadizing of AISI 8620 steel (boriding followed by vanadizing) [24], borochromizing of carbon steels (boriding followed by chromizing) [25] and borotitanizing of AISI 1040 steel (boriding followed by titanizing) [26].Boriding niobizing (boroniobizing) of AISI H13 steel was shown to impart the material with a hightemperature stable wear resistant surface [27].The present work investigates the response of 4 widely different classes of iron-based materials on powder-pack boriding and gaseous TRD treatments. Examples of combining boriding with TRD processing (boro-titanizing) are presented, showcasing the options for applying different materials combinations for surface engineering.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hard Surface Layers by Pack Boriding and Gaseous Thermo-Reactive Deposition and Diffusion Treatments

Christiansen

Bottoli

Dahl

et al. 2017

Materials Performance and Characterization

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion (TRD) and boriding are thermochemical processes that result in very high surface hardness by conversion of the surface into carbides/nitrides and borides, respectively. These treatments offer significant advantages in terms of hardness, adhesion, tribooxidation and high wear resistance compared to other conventional surface hardening treatments. In this work 4 different materials, ARMCO, AISI 409, Uddeholm ARNE® (AISI O1 equivalent) and VANADIS® 6 PM steel representing different classes of alloys, i.e. pure iron, stainless steel and tool steels, were subjected to TRD (chromizing & titanizing) and boriding treatments. For the steels with low carbon content chromizing results in surface alloying with chromium, i.e. formation of a (soft) 'stainless' surface zone. Steels containing higher levels of carbon form chromium carbide (viz. Cr23C6, Cr7C3) layers with hardnesses up to 1800HV. Titanizing of ARNE tool steel results in a surface layer consisting of TiC with a hardness of approximately 4000 HV. Duplex treatments, where boriding is combined with subsequent (TRD) titanizing, result in formation of hard TiB2 on top of a thick layer of Fe-based borides. The obtained surface layers were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, reflected light microscopy and micro-indentation. Keywords:Boriding; Thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion (TRD); Chromizing; Titanizing; TiB2 1.IntroductionThermochemical surface engineering of metallic materials is widely applied for applications where components are exposed to (excessive) wear or where other surface characteristics are desired, e.g. fatigue and corrosion resistance [1]. Conventional and commonly applied methods include carburizing, carbo-nitriding and ferritic nitriding/nitrocarburizing in many different commercial variants. For applications where high hardness is needed, e.g. where excessive wear is encountered, boriding and thermo-reactive diffusion processes can be applied.Boriding is a process where boron is diffused into a material resulting in formation of a compound layer consisting of hard borides of the elements present in the treated substrate. When the process is applied on steels, iron borides are formed with a hardness of more than 1600 HV [2,3,4]. The borides formed are typically FeB and Fe2B as well as borides of the alloying elements, e.g. Cr andMo [2,3]. For tribological applications a single layer of Fe2B is usually preferred since it is less brittle than FeB [3,5]. Different process media are possible, including powder pack, salt bath and plasma.The Thermo Reactive Deposition and Diffusion (TRD) process was originally developed by Arai [6,7] and is also known as the Toyota diffusion process. The substrate to be treated is typically immersed in a molten (borax) salt bath containing strong carbide or nitride forming elements. The carbide/nitride forming element (e.g. V, Nb, Cr etc.) reacts with the carbon or nitrogen in the base material to form a thin reaction layer of (hard) ca...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Surface Layers by Pack Boriding and Gaseous Thermo-Reactive Deposition and Diffusion Treatments

Christiansen

Bottoli

Dahl

et al. 2017

Materials Performance and Characterization

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Considering the powder-pack method the TRD treatment powder usually consists of a metal element, which can be pure or in the form of iron-alloy, that will be deposited on the steel surface, an inert 'diluent' (Al 2 O 3 or SiC) which does not take part in the formation reactions of the layers and avoids metal's particle sintering; and an activator (NH 4 Cl or KBF 4 ) which, when dissociated, chemically binds with the carbide former and forms chlorides/fluorides. These chlorides/fluorides then reacts with the substrate atoms to form carbides, nitrides or borides layer [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In multicomponent boriding, complex boron phases can provide increased hardness, corrosion resistance, wear and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures compared to the simple iron boride phases obtained by conventional boriding thermochemical treatment [14]. These complex boron phases are obtained by the reaction of boron atoms with other metallic atoms such as chromium [15], aluminum [9,16], vanadium [11,17], titanium [12], niobium [5,18], and others. Because it is a diffusion-controlled treatment, multicomponent boriding provides better adhesion of the boride layer to the substrate, compared to PVD and CVD treatments in which there is little or no diffusion of the desired coating [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and tribological characterization of niobium boride coating produced on AISI 1020 steel via multicomponent boriding

Krelling

Almeida

Costa

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Niobium boride coating was produced on AISI 1020 steel by multicomponent boriding process. Boriding treatment at1000°C for 4 h was followed by thermo-reactive diffusion technique at 1000°C for 6 h under argon atmosphere. Microabrasive wear tests were carried out using SiC abrasive particles at slurry concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 g cm −3 . Normal loads of 0.49 and 0.98 N were used. NbB and Nb 5 B 6 phases were identified by XRD analysis. The niobium boride coating thickness was 2.0±0.5 μm and its hardness was 1360±200 HK 0.01 . Owing to the presence of a porous region on the niobium/iron boride layers the abrasive wear resistance decreased comparing to the borided and untreated AISI 1020 steel. Rolling abrasion was the main wear mechanism observed.

show abstract

“…Pack cementation TRD powder usually consists of a metallic element (carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming); one inert filler that does not take part in the formation reactions of the layers, usually Al 2 O 3 or SiC; and an activator, for example NH 4 Cl that, when dissociated, chemically binds with the carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming element to form chlorides that will then react with the substrate to generate, for example, carbide layers [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sliding Wear Behavior of Niobium Carbide Coated Aisi 52100 Bearing Steel

Krellin¹,

Milan²,

Costa³

et al. 2017

Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sliding wear behavior of niobium carbide coated AISI 52100 bearing steel balls against AISI 1045 quenched steel discs was investigated. Thermo-reactive diffusion (TRD) treatment was carried out at 1000 °C for 4 hours by pack cementation method. NbC phase with 11 µm in thickness was identified by SEM microscopy and XRD technique. Ball-on-disc wear tests were carried out without lubrication under 2 and 10N load at sliding speeds of 0.1 and 0.3 m/s. A 300% increase in sliding speed resulted in 24% and 27%, increasing in friction coefficient of niobium carbide coated AISI 52100 steel balls for 2N and 10N. Wear resistance of AISI 52100 steel was improved up to 78 times after TRD treatment depending on applied load and sliding velocity. Wear mechanisms are adhesive-oxidative for hardened balls and abrasive-oxidative for coated balls against hardened AISI 1045 steel discs. Keywords: Sliding wear; Steel; Niobium carbide coating; Friction. INTRODUCTIONThermo-reactive deposition/diffusion (TRD) treatment is a method for surface coating steels with a hard and wear-resistant layer of carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides [1] or borides [2] by the diffusion of carbon, nitrogen or boron in the steel substrate into a deposited layer of the carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming element.The TRD treatment can be performed using salt baths [3,4], fluidized beds [5,6] or pack cementation [7][8][9][10][11][12] at high temperatures (850-1050 °C) with treatment times of 0.5-10 hours, resulting in a layer of depth 5-15 µm.Pack cementation TRD powder usually consists of a metallic element (carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming); one inert filler that does not take part in the formation reactions of the layers, usually Al 2 O 3 or SiC; and an activator, for example NH 4 Cl that, when dissociated, chemically binds with the carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming element to form chlorides that will then react with the substrate to generate, for example, carbide layers [12,13].Niobium carbide can be used in high-temperature environments because it has a high melting point (3873 °C) The aims of this work are to produce a wear resistant coating of niobium carbide on AISI 52100 steel balls using the pack cementation method and evaluate its tribological behavior. AISI 52100 steel can be used in tools for cold work dies, cold extrusion tools, bearings, etc. Increasing the quality of the tools is only about 5% of its cost and its preparation time, making it feasible to consider any surface treatment as an investment [19]. Ball-on-disc wear tests were conducted according to ASTM G99-05 standard at sliding speeds of 0.1 and 0.3m/s and under loads of 2 and 10N. was carried out in an electrical resistance furnace under an argon atmosphere at atmospheric pressure. The hardened AISI 52100 steel balls were also analyzed. AISI 1045 steel discs, 6 mm in thickness, were cut from a bar of diameter 25.4 mm. The steel discs were sanded with silicon carbide abrasive paper up to 600 grit and polished with 1 µm alumina suspension. The AISI 1045 plain carbon steel ...

show abstract

Evaluation of microstructures and wear properties of duplex boride coatings

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Hard Surface Layers by Pack Boriding and Gaseous Thermo-Reactive Deposition and Diffusion Treatments

Hard Surface Layers by Pack Boriding and Gaseous Thermo-Reactive Deposition and Diffusion Treatments

Microstructural and tribological characterization of niobium boride coating produced on AISI 1020 steel via multicomponent boriding

Sliding Wear Behavior of Niobium Carbide Coated Aisi 52100 Bearing Steel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About