1986
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44929-9
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Evaluation of Misoprostol Cytoprotection of the Bladder with Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Therapy

Abstract: Cyclophosphamide is a well established cytotoxic drug used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders, certain solid tumors, and nonneoplastic disorders such as nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Hemorrhagic cystitis can be a complication of this drug varying between two and 40 per cent. Misoprostol, which is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, was found to significantly decrease the histological damage to the bladder from cyclophosphamide. Male rats receiving mi… Show more

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Cited by 124 publications
(84 citation statements)
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“…This improvement is thought to result from a decrease in NO production. In addition, CP produced a decrease in the endogenous antioxidant compound GSH and an elevation of lipid peroxidation in urinary bladder [16,[18][19][20][21][22]. Our findings are in agreement with those of these studies, in which there was a significant depletion of GSH pool and a significant increase in lipid peroxides Fig.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…This improvement is thought to result from a decrease in NO production. In addition, CP produced a decrease in the endogenous antioxidant compound GSH and an elevation of lipid peroxidation in urinary bladder [16,[18][19][20][21][22]. Our findings are in agreement with those of these studies, in which there was a significant depletion of GSH pool and a significant increase in lipid peroxides Fig.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…The main features of HC are urothelial damage, transmural edema, hemorrhage, mucosal ulceration, and epithelial necrosis. These can be demonstrated within 24 h of a single dose [18]. The urotoxicity of CP is thought to be due to the formation of acrolein that damages the urothelium [19,20].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bladders were examined macroscopically for edema and hemorrhage according to pre-established criteria 13 . Edema was considered severe (3+) when fluid was seen externally and internally in the bladder wall; moderate (2+) when confined to the mucosa; mild (1+) between normal and moderate, and none (0) as normal.…”
Section: Macroscopic Examination Of Bladdermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Histological damage was scored on a scale of (0) -normal epithelium, (1)-mild changes involving a decrease in epithelial cells, flattening with submucosal edema, mild hemorrhage and few ulcerations, and (2)-severe changes, including mucosal erosion, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrin deposition, hemorrhage and multiple ulcerations 13 . The slides were evaluated in a blind fashion.…”
Section: Microscopy Of Bladder and Uretermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Histological examination was performed by a pathologist in a single-blind fashion. Edema, bleeding, and histological changes were evaluated according to the criteria of Gray et al (14) as follows: edema was considered severe (3+) when fluid was seen externally and internally on the walls of the bladder, moderate (2+) when confined to the internal mucosa, mild (1+) when normal to moderate, and absent (0). Hemorrhage was scored as follows: 3+, intravesical clots; 2+, mucosal hematomas; 1+, telangiectasia or dilatation of the bladder vessels; 0, normal.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%